Mapping two new points on the tennis expertise continuum: Tactical skills of adult advanced beginners and entry-level professionals during competition

Abstract

Research examining problem representations of individuals during task performance is advancing our understanding of information processing and expertise in a variety of sports. However, few studies using similar methodology have been conducted on individuals of various competitive standards in one domain in similar contexts. This study examined problem representations of adult advanced beginners and entry-level professionals accessed during singles tennis competition (n = 12). These groups were selected to represent players with performance skills that were different from those studied previously (i.e. adult beginners and varsity players). Immediate recall and planning interviews were conducted between points during singles tennis competition. Players competed within their respective expertise groups. Verbal reports were transcribed verbatim and concepts were scored according to a model of protocol structure. Several multivariate analyses of variance were conducted on rank scores for measures of concept content and structure using the L-statistic. Entry-level professionals exhibited more advanced problem representations than advanced beginners regardless of interview type. These findings together with those of previous research suggest adaptations in long-term memory profiles with increases in performance skills. For example, beginners lacked action plan and current event profiles because they generated goals and reiterated game events during both interviews. Advanced beginners, who had better performance skills than beginners, exhibited rudimentary action plan profiles and deficient current event profiles because they generated and monitored several detailed actions related to the current context during recall interviews and generated only a few goals during planning interviews. In contrast, varsity players and professionals processed tactical information in the current context and beyond denoting the existence of both action plan and current event profiles. Varsity players, with inferior performance skills than professionals, exhibited fewer and less associated tactical concepts than professionals during both interviews.     

论应用型本科高校法学实践教学的完善与更新

应用型本科高校有着本科教育的特点,但又不同于"学术性、理论型"本科人才培养模式。它更注重实践性和应用性,实践教学因此构成了应用型本科高校教学工作的重要环节。应通过调整教学计划,赋予法学实践教学以突出的地位,建立"教师——律师"双师型师资队伍,引进诊所式法律教学,建立规范的法学本科教学实践环节质量评估标准等措施完善、更新应用型本科高校法学实践教学环节。     

高职护理早期接触临床的改革与实践——以“识岗、临岗、练岗”为主要形式

早期接触临床已成为世界医学教育改革的一个重要趋势,襄樊职业技术学院医学院护理专业从2007年开始探索并实施多种方式分段进行早期接触临床,制定了教学安排应遵循的原则;通过对教学效果进行分析,发现在早期接触临床中存在的问题,以建立高素质的＂双师型＂教师队伍、建立沟通机制和完善管理体制为抓手,促使学校、医院有效联合,达到教学做一体的教学要求,完成学生临床学习与顶岗实习的有效对接,培养高端技能型护理人才。     

在妇产科临床教学中应用循证医学的探讨

目的:探讨在妇产科临床实习教学中运用循证医学(EBM)教学方法的效果。方法:将在我院妇产科实习的助产班学生160人,按随机分配方法分为两组,观察组80名,采用循证医学教学法带教;对照组80名,采用传统教学方法带教。教学周期为8周,通过理论笔试、病案分析口试及临床技能操作考试及教学满意度调查进行对比。结果:观察组学生的理论笔试、病案分析口试及临床技能操作考试及教学满意度均明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在妇产科开展循证医学教学,有利于提高学生们的理论和实践能力,值得推广。     

浅析美国媒体对中国的负面报道

美国媒体凭借其强大的经济、技术实力主导了世界的话语权,在这一背景下,其对中国的报道中以负面居多,究竟是什么原因导致了这一现象的产生,本文就将对这一现象从宏观与微观层面上进行一些浅析。     

1号新伤药联合低频磁疗机治疗急性踝关节扭伤的临床研究

探讨了外敷l号新伤药联合低频磁疗机治疗急性踝关节扭伤的临床效果．将35例急性踝关节损伤患者随机分为2组,实验组使用外敷1号新伤药联合低频磁疗机治疗,对照组采用单纯外敷1号新伤药治疗．结果表明：实验组,在减轻局部的疼痛、肿胀的消除、关节功能恢复等方面均优于对照组．外敷1号新伤药加用低频磁疗机综合治疗急性踝关节扭伤,具有见效快、疗程短、疗效好的特点,是一种有效防治踝关节损伤急性愈合期后活动功能障碍的好方法．     

24例角膜内皮炎综合症患者临床观察

目的：探讨角膜内皮炎的病因、诊断、抗病毒药物及皮质类固醇激素治疗的临床疗效。方法：对24例角膜内皮炎患者临床特点及治疗效果进行回顾性分析。结果：24例患者均获治愈,随访6月～1年,复发3例,所有病例视力均有不同程度提高,经治疗后：视力达0．1。0．3者3例,0．3。0．5者12例,0．6～0．8者5例,〉0．8者4例,5例遗留角膜瘢翳,11例遗留角膜云翳。结论：角膜内皮炎强调早期诊断、及时给予病因治疗,局部或全身应用抗病毒药物联合皮质类固醇激素治疗可有效缓解病情,减少复发率。     

PBL教学法在临床医学专业解剖学实验教学中的应用效果研究

目的：探究PBL教学法在临床医学专业解剖学实验课教学中的教学效果。方法：将临床医学专业180g学生随机分为两组：实验组（采用PBL教学法进行教学）及对照组（采用传统教学法进行教学）,采用问卷调查及统计学分析对教学效果进行评价。结果：实验组问卷调查结果及考试成绩均明显优于对照组。结论：PBL教学法可取得较传统教学法更好的教学效果,值得推广应用于临床医学专业解剖学实验教学中。     

对新时期工人阶级宣传报道的再认识

做好新时期工人阶级的宣传报道是时代的要求,是媒体的职责,也是工人群体的呼唤;新时期工人阶级宣传报道应该抓好重点、找准基点、化解难点、寻求亮点;为做好新时期工人阶级的宣传报道,新闻媒体应该提供充足的保障,媒体和记者应该提高认识,提升水平。     

初探法律诊所教育

与传统的教师传授式教学和苏格拉底式教学法不同，法律诊所教育给学生提供了更多实际操作的机会，无疑为法学教育改革开辟了一条新的出路，唤起了人们对法学教育新的思考。