认知心理学两种研究范式的争论与反思

符号加工和联结主义是认知心理学的两种研究范式,二者在认知心理学内部产生了一系列的争论。在一般 认知问题上的争论主要表现在语义理解、心理表征以及一些具体的认知问题上;在方法论问题上的区别主要表现在是 结构模拟、黑箱方法、还原主义还是结构与功能模拟、灰箱方法和整体主义上。两种范式争论的本质问题是究竟哪种 范式更加符合认知过程的本质。联结主义范式似有取代符号加工范式的趋势,但它也不能完全揭示人类的高级认知功 能,因此出现了行为主义的进化论研究范式。     

Nonscience majors learning science: A theoretical model of motivation

A theoretical model of nonscience majors' motivation to learn science was tested by surveying 369 students in a large‐enrollment college science course that satisfies a core curriculum requirement. Based on a social‐cognitive framework, motivation to learn science was conceptualized as having both cognitive and affective influences that foster science achievement. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the hypothesized relationships among the variables. The students' motivation, as measured by the Science Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ), had a strong direct influence on their achievement, as measured by their science grade point average. The students' motivation was influenced by their belief in the relevance of science to their careers. This belief was slightly stronger in women than men. Essays by the students and interviews with them provided insight into their motivation. The model suggests that instructors should strategically connect science concepts to the careers of nonscience majors through such means as case studies to increase motivation and achievement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 1088–1107, 2007     

用幻方引进向量空间—德国数学建模实例

用幻方作为一种具体的向量模型，直观引入向量空间的基本概念，反过来又用高观点指导幻方结构的研究。     

儿童假扮游戏中的认知技能发展

假扮游戏的出现、发展到成熟伴随儿童的认知发展．儿童需要具备必要的认知技能才能参与假扮游戏,与假扮游戏有关的认知技能主要包括:社会参照、解读意图、分离、符号化假扮、角色扮演等．假扮游戏与儿童认知发展是一个交互作用的过程,作用的起点是假扮行为的出现．     

认知性辞格与表达性辞格

本主要为研究因认知关系改变而形成的辞格提供语言学的方法。首先在语义分析的基础上提出必有特征、可能特征和不可能特征三个概念，并分析了它们之间的关系和表现形式。然后进一步论证所有因认知关系改变而形成的辞格在语言层面上的表面都是为了接纳一个不可能特征，并且分析了“零距／有距”、“隐含／显现”、“直接／间接”、“正向／负向”四种接纳的语义方式。最后，从辞格的两种不同处理方式出发评论了修辞研究中割裂装饰与本体的传统观念与“功能即形式”的新观念。     

认知视野下的教师称谓——以“园丁”为例

称谓是用来反映人们之间相互称呼的一套名称,而其中的职业称谓又可突出的反映一个社会的政治经济及文化背景。认知语言学是认知科学的一个分支,它是认知心理学与语言学相结合的一门新兴的交叉边缘学科。本文用认知语言学的相关理论对汉语教师职业称谓语＂园丁＂进行相应的解析。     

The Influence of Age in Learning a Foreign Language

Age is an important factor in foreign language learning. Different age groups have different characteristics. Knowing these characteristics may help the learners to increase their learning speed and achievement. This paper focuses on the similarities and differences of different age groups in learning a foreign language from physical, cognitive, affective, motivational and linguistic domains. Teachers can take corresponding methods in foreign language teaching in accordance with special characteristics of the age group being taught so as to obtain the best result in language classroom.     

An Analysis of Foreign Language Learning Styles from the Cognitive Perspective

From the 1970s,learning styles began to enter the domain of foreign language learning researches.Foreign language learning style is often regarded as a significant factor attributing to individual differences among language learners.Nowadays,many researchers begin studying individual learners’characteristics and exploring how different learners interact with external factors from cognitive perspective.The field-independence/dependence construct became a focus.Based on previous studies,the paper is committed to analyzing the nature of FID learners.It is expected that this research can establish a well-grounded basis for following studies.     

基于族群认知理论谈新媒体在跨文化传播中的优势

在跨文化传播过程中,族群之间的认知方式对传播效果影响很大。在少数民族聚居地区,随着近些年科学技术的不断发展与进步,以互联网为代表的新媒体的蓬勃发展,尤其使得跨文化传播的载体发生了显著的变化,跨文化交流的形式也在演化,少数民族语言新媒体的兴起,为跨文化传播提供了崭新的天地。本文旨在通过分析新疆本地的族群认知系统,找出本土族群的认知特性,从而分析新媒体在跨文化传播中的优势作用。     

小说翻译中叙述视角的传递与作者意图的传达

叙述视角的选择和变化暗含着作者特定的意图。自20世纪以来,在叙述学和文体学领域,叙述视角问题引起了广泛的兴趣。然而在翻译研究领域,叙述视角的传递问题仍然缺乏关注。认知文体学丰富的理论有助于我们通过细微的词汇或语法标记辨别原文和译文中的叙述视角变换情况,探讨作者和译者对文本世界的建构。《愤怒的葡萄》及其五个汉译本的对比研究揭示了小说翻译中叙述视角的传递与作者意图传达的关系:翻译时叙述视角的变化会影响原文作者意图的准确传达,因为叙述视角的变化会影响意义建构的方向,进而影响准确传达原文作者的意图;对原文叙述视角的准确判定有助于译者构建原文文本世界;译文越贴近原文叙述视角,越能准确传达原文作者的意图。