Proliferation dynamics in new sciences

The paper studies the dynamics of production of knowledge in an emergent scientific field, Nanoscience. It suggests that scientific knowledge advances by proliferation, or the turbulent entry of new sub-fields, each generating opportunities for further entries at each time. It suggests a new methodology to define and measure the dynamics of knowledge, based on the industrial dynamics of keywords and a formal representation through bipartite graphs. An empirical examination of the graph dynamics in the early stage of the scientific field (1988-2002) confirms the notion of proliferation.     

The Study of Diversities of Marine Microbes in China

The oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface and are rich in the most advantageous and characteristic resources of marine microbes. The research on diversity is the key point for exploring and exploiting marine microbial resources. Giving attention to species diversity and genetic diversity of marine microbes, discovering novel metabolites with multiple functions, revealing key secondary metabolic process and the main regulation mechanisms in marine microbes, and developing a new technology of biosynthesis, are the important foundation for discovering innovative drugs and developing functional products with characteristics. The present paper has reviewed the recent advances in the four research areas of marine microbial species diversity, genetic diversity, chemical diversity and metabolic diversity in China.     

中职生的多样性特征及其管理建议

分析了中等职业学校学生的多样性特征,指出要对其进行一般性理解和深入具体地理解,在此基础上,提出了管理工作建议.     

中国企业归核化战略绩效研究

基于资源基础理论和代理理论,运用我国A股上市的403家公司2004到2007年的面板数据,着重探讨实施归核化战略对企业绩效的影响,以及这种影响与企业外部环境、企业内部对管理层的监管力度、归核化前期的多元化水平有何关系.主要研究结论包括:(1)实施归核化战略对我国企业的绩效有提升作用;(2)企业所处的行业环境不确定性越高,企业的归核化绩效越好;(3)整体来看,整合型归核化比聚焦型归核化更能提高企业绩效;(4)企业对管理层监管力度和前期多元化水平会影响归核化提高企业绩效的作用.     

不再追问本质：图书馆学理论的后现代走向

图书馆学研究对象、图书馆学理论体系等学说,其实都是人们主观建构的产物,并不具有客观性。追问图书馆本质的努力,其实是制造图书馆学的“元叙事”。 放弃对“元叙事”的制造,不再追问虚幻的图书馆“本质”,摆脱对逻辑实证主义方法论的盲信,摈弃理性主义一元论的束缚,尊重价值观之间的客观差异性,从而走向多元价值观之间的民主对话和博弈选择,这是图书馆学理论应然的后现代走向。     

语言成为文学第一要素的三大条件

语言不是一开始就作为学的第一要素的,在古希腊亚里士多德的心目中语言在学这个人类精神家园里,它只是处于“老四”的位置,这是亚里士多德“把学看成是自然与社会人生的摹仿”的摹仿说观念使然的。到了20世纪30年代,高尔基提高了语言的地位,称之为第一要素,在学这个人类的精神家园里处于“老大”的位置,它暗含了20世纪初以来出现的现代学语言观．即学语言本体说,也就是把语言看成学的本体．学就是语言的建构,语言是学存在的家园．与科学和日常生活不同．语言之所以能成为学的第一要素,主要在于三大条件,即言说方式;它蕴含的丰富性或多义性;它蕴含的审美性。     

Matters of Size: Obesity as a Diversity Issue in the Field of Early Childhood

This article is a synthesis of research on the consequences of obesity for all stakeholders in the field of early childhood: young children, family members of young children, and teachers of young children. The article examines the effects of obesity on the wellness, self-esteem, peer relationships, and social status of children/families and early childhood teachers. The argument is set forth that discrimination on the basis of body size is often thinly veiled classism and racism and the paper calls for an acceptance of size diversity in the early childhood field. Practical recommendations for working with children who are seriously overweight and with families conclude the article.     

Hinduism and the State in Trinidad

Abstract

Between 1845 and 1917, a total number of 143,939 Indian immigrants were brought to Trinidad under the system of Indian indenture to fill the labour gap created by the abolition of slavery. Approximately 88% of these immigrants practised various facets of Hinduism. Upon completion of their five‐year periods of contracted labour, over 90% of the indentureds opted to make Trinidad their permanent home. From their very entrance into Trinidad society, Hindus were engaged in the practice of many aspects of their religion. However, in Trinidad, elements of religion were variously truncated, modified, diluted, intensified or excised. During the initial decades of Indian indenture, Indian cultural forms were met with either contempt or indifference. Yet, despite the arduous nature of the task, various dimensions of Indian culture have now been integrated into the Trinidad and Tobago's multicultural prism.

Whether within the context of colonialism, the immediate post independence ferment, or the post 1980s dynamic political ethos, Trinidad's ‘cultural’ diversity has consistently underscored intriguing, sometimes tumultuous dialogue between the State and various elements of the society. Predictably, the common factor and point of contention was the conflict between Hindu and non‐Hindu ideologies. This essay seeks to explore one dimension of that dialogue; namely, the engagement of the Trinidad Hindu community with the State, with specific emphasis on the issues that can be situated within the realm of culture. These include Adult Franchise, the Hindu Marriage Bill, the Divorce Bill, the Cremation Ordinance, the issuing of capitation grants, education, symbolic claims and ‘nationalizing’. Underscoring the dialogue are two, often contradictory, determinants: the attitude of the State towards Hinduism (and Indian culture on the whole), and the tension between the retention of ‘Hindu’ culture and the need to transcend the boundaries of communalist discourse into the nationalist frame. Therein resides the crux of a most intriguing interaction between two very dynamic entities.     

等速向心及离心伸膝时股四头肌肌电和做功变化

对10名大学生不同速度等速向心及离心伸膝时股四头肌做功及肌电变化进行了研究。结果显示，无论向心收缩还是离心收缩，随着收缩速度加快，肌肉的输出功率增加，运动单位做功能力加强。另外，离心伸膝时肌肉所做的功、平均功率、最大力矩和最大力矩角度明显地大于向心收缩。收缩速度相同，向心收缩的IEMG明显大于离心收缩，而离心收缩的功与IEMG比值明显大于向心收缩。     

Finding common ground: enhancing interaction between domestic and international students in higher education

A feature of Australian Higher Education over the last 10 years has been the increased numbers of international students. This feature has been perceived to have great potential for enhanced learning for all students – both international and domestic. Yet, student surveys and research clearly indicate that there is very little interaction occurring between domestic and international students. This article reports on a study that investigated the extent to which university teaching can promote interaction between students from diverse cultural and linguistic background. Using an innovative video-analysis methodology, the research found that academics engage in a variety of activities to encourage interaction between student groups. In order to assist academics in planning interaction, one of the main findings of the study was the development of ‘The Interaction for Learning Framework (ILF)’, that identifies key dimensions for curriculum design that can be used by academics to inform ways that they can enhance interaction between diverse student groups within teaching and learning contexts.