社会救助：基于本土社会工作的视角

本文从本土社会工作视角对社会救助政策实践进行了考察。首先提出社会救助对象是被建构与自我建构的。其次,从传统文化层面分析了＂社会救助＂与＂人际—社区救助＂的内涵和差异,提出了目前社会救助政策文本的局限。最后认为,要构建新型社会救助系统必须从宏观和微观层面输入社会工作元素,采取整合的社会工作介入策略。     

拉萨河流域甲玛湿地水质净化功能研究

水质净化功能是湿地的一个重要生态功能之一,本文以西藏拉萨河流域甲玛湿地作为研究对象,对湿地水的色度、浊度、pH值、水温、溶解氧和20种相对重要的金属元素的含量进行了初步研究。发现,西藏甲玛湿地水的pH值、DO值分别为7.40、8.07mg/L;甲玛湿地水中金属元素含量普遍较低,并且水中各种金属元素的含量也差异较大,它们的含量序列为:CaAsMgNaKFeAlCuMnZnMoNiCrPbSbCoCdSeHgBe。通过对进水和出水水质的比较发现甲玛湿地对色度、浊度和金属元素的去除效果比较明显。对色度、浊度的去除率分别达到了达到了65.1%、63.8%,对不同金属元素的去除效果不同,金属元素的去除率从高到低的顺序为:BeAlPbCuCdFeSeCoMnNiAsZn。其中对铍、铝、铅、铜、镉和铁六种金属元素的去除效果最明显,它们的去除率分别达到了73.33%、70.38%、67.95%、67.08%、66.30%、65.50%,对总硬度(Ca、Mg)、Na、Hg、K、Cr、Sb等几种金属元素的去除效率很差、几乎不能被去除。     

Managing What We Can Measure: Quantifying the Susceptibility of Automated Scoring Systems to Gaming Behavior

As methods for automated scoring of constructed‐response items become more widely adopted in state assessments, and are used in more consequential operational configurations, it is critical that their susceptibility to gaming behavior be investigated and managed. This article provides a review of research relevant to how construct‐irrelevant response behavior may affect automated constructed‐response scoring, and aims to address a gap in that literature: the need to assess the degree of risk before operational launch. A general framework is proposed for evaluating susceptibility to gaming, and an initial empirical demonstration is presented using the open‐source short‐answer scoring engines from the Automated Student Assessment Prize (ASAP) Challenge.     

Automated Scoring of Constructed‐Response Science Items: Prospects and Obstacles

Content‐based automated scoring has been applied in a variety of science domains. However, many prior applications involved simplified scoring rubrics without considering rubrics representing multiple levels of understanding. This study tested a concept‐based scoring tool for content‐based scoring, c‐rater?, for four science items with rubrics aiming to differentiate among multiple levels of understanding. The items showed moderate to good agreement with human scores. The findings suggest that automated scoring has the potential to score constructed‐response items with complex scoring rubrics, but in its current design cannot replace human raters. This article discusses sources of disagreement and factors that could potentially improve the accuracy of concept‐based automated scoring.     

缺失后的反思及建构——当代中国女性文学批评略论

分析中国女性文学批评现状,反思中国女性文学批评中批评视角缺失的原因,并进一步提出建构基于两性和谐的既区别于西方女性主义又更贴合中国现实的具有整合意义的女性文学批评的策略。     

河流扰动对松北湿地水体富营养化的影响

结合松北湿地实地水质监测数据,运用洪水脉冲理论进行洪水淹没水位与水体监测因子内梅罗值的相关性分析．并运用生态水文学原理探讨河流水文情势对湿地水体富营养化的影响,得出河流扰动对湿地水体富营养化呈现积极影响．     

福州生态校园应用人工湿地技术的可行性研究

人工湿地技术是20世纪70年代发展起来的一种新的污水处理技术,它可增加绿地面积、改善和美化生态环境,并可实现废水的资源化.文章从技术和经济两方面对人工湿地技术运用于福州高校生态校园建设的可行性进行分析,并提出了福州高校在人工湿地建设中应注意的若干问题.     

Improving the Measurement of Cognitive Skills Through Automated Conversations

Open-ended, short-answer questions, referred to as constructed responses (CR), allow students to express knowledge and skills through their own words. While CRs can reduce the likelihood of guessing correct answers, they also enable students to provide errant responses due to a lack of knowledge or a misunderstanding of the question. Conversation-based assessments (CBAs) require constructing responses to open-ended prompts (similar to CRs), but also leverage natural-language processing to provide adaptive follow-up prompts that target particular information. This work describes an investigation into potential benefits of CBAs as they are compared to a CR approach. Results from 632 middle schoolers indicate that, when compared to CRs, the CBA items allowed 41% of students to provide a more complete response and improve their score.     

人工湿地技术在我国北方地区的试验研究

本研究在邯郸构建了二级串联人工湿地系统,进行污水净化试验．试验结果表明,构建的人工湿地系统对污染物去除效果良好,出水水质较稳定,系统对COD、TN、TP的去除率分别在25％～65％、29％-94％、30％-80％之间．在相同的水力负荷下,植物生长状况良好的人工湿地污水处理效果明显高于植物生长状况差的人工湿地．潜流人工湿地子系统对污水的净化效果和稳定性明显好于表层人工湿地系统．人工湿地处理污水受温度和季节影响较大,在温度较高的夏季去除率远远高于温度较低的冬季．     

湿地底栖动物资源保护研究——以深圳湾为例

根据近20年深圳湾的底栖动物数据和文献资料,阐述了深圳湾底栖动物的生态功能、城市建设对深圳湾底栖动物的影响、高有机质含量对深圳湾大型底栖动物群落多样性的影响、多样性降低导致深圳湾生态系统自净能力降低等,并提出湿地底栖动物资源保护的措施.