改进的LS共轭梯度法及其收敛性（英文）

提出了一种改进的LS共轭梯度法,该方法具有不依赖于所采用的线搜索方法的充分下降性.并证明了该方法在Armijo型搜索下求解非凸问题的全局收敛性,相关的数值实验结果检验了算法的有效性.     

合成生物学赋能：从学科发展到产业转化

合成生物学通过引入工程科学“自下而上”认识生命体系的理念,在生命科学研究中采用“设计—构建—测试—学习”迭代的研究范式,并在基因组和系统生物学的基础上,构建工程化的新生命体系,为生命科学提供了“从创造到理解”的新途径,不仅颠覆了从整体到局部的“格物致知—还原论”的传统研究策略,还开启了理解生命本质的“建物致知”新文化。同时,合成生物学将生物技术由“模拟自然过程”和“遗传工程改造”上升至“定量理性设计”和“标准化构建测试”的高度,推动生物工程和代谢工程朝着对标生命过程的高效率、普适性的工程化“重编程”,甚至是“从头构建”的新高度,以实现“建物致用”的目标。文章梳理了合成生物学近年来在生命科学基础研究中“建物致知”方面的重要进展,列举了其在化工、医药、食品、环境等应用领域中“建物致用”的具体案例,展现了合成生物学对人类社会全面发展正在发挥的重大影响,强调了为确保合成生物学的健康、快速发展,构建会聚生态系统与治理体系的重要性。     

试论电信业与传媒业的融合与结构转型

本文论述了电信业和传媒业如何融合为大传媒产业,以及大媒体产业的形成对我国产业结构转型产生的多方面影响。     

传播的游戏理论视角下 新浪微博俄罗斯世界杯传播效果分析

使用“传播的游戏理论”,对新浪微博俄罗斯世界杯传播效果进行分析,并对新媒体用户的需求进行探讨。研究认为,世界杯传播是一场盈余时代的足球“游戏”,满足用户对愉悦、趣味的需求和对游戏的需求是新媒体未来发展的一种趋势;新浪微博俄罗斯世界杯期间,体现主观、个性的“选择性会聚”让用户在“游戏”过程中促进了“自我”的发展;只为享受足球魅力的非功利性传播为用户提供了一个宽松的“游戏”环境;利用微博话题、短视频、直播等新媒体技术传播乐趣,用户从“游戏”中收获了愉悦。对于传播效果的研究立足受众的个性特征和主观心态,注重体现个体主观能动意识,对把握未来新媒体传播发展和趋势具有启示意义。     

带有倒位变异的差分进化算法

针对高维复杂函数的优化问题,提出一种带有倒位变异的差分进化算法.当个体适应度值连续几代不变时,对前一代的最优个体进行倒位变异,以增强种群的多样性,使其跳出局部最优.数值实验结果表明:该算法全局搜索能力强,收敛速度快,且鲁棒性好.     

一类椭圆型变系数方程的差分格式

研究了一类二阶椭圆型变系数方程的初边值问题的求解方法,建立了一种差分格式,并且运用能量方法证明了这种格式的解的存在唯一性、收敛性和稳定性,所得结果是对相关文献中结果的一个补充。     

Role of objectively measured sedentary behaviour in physical performance,frailty and mortality among older adults: A short systematic review

Sedentary behaviour (SB) has recently emerged as an independent risk factor for different health outcomes. Older adults accumulate long time in SB. Understanding the role that SB plays on health is crucial for a successful aging. This short systematic review summarizes the current evidence related to the effects of objectively measured SB on frailty, physical performance and mortality in adults ≥60?years old. The literature search produced 271 records for physical performance (n?=?119), frailty (n?=?31), and mortality (n?=?121). Finally, only 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. All articles but one included in the physical performance section (n?=?9) showed a negative association between longer time spent in SB and physical performance. A significant association of SB with higher odds of frailty was found, however this association disappeared after adjusting for cognitive status. Lastly, two of the three included studies showed positive associations between SB and mortality, but this effect decreased or even disappeared in the more adjusted models. In conclusion, there is consistency that SB is negatively associated with physical performance. However, the relationship between objectively measured SB and frailty incidence and mortality rates remains unclear and deserves further research. The use of homogenous criteria to assess SB and the inclusion of more robust research designs will help clarifying the independent effects that SB could have on physical performance, frailty, and mortality. This will ultimately help designing more efficient and comprehensive physical activity guidelines for older adults.     

中国地域武术研究的现实困境及突破*

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等,在简要回顾研究进展的基础上,得出地域武术面临着地域数量“有限性”、空间边界“稳定性”、文本表达趋同性、研究方法滞后性等现实困境,造成了对地域武术浅层叙事和诸多曲解现状.突破现实困境需要我们具有地域空间重绘、地域纵向横向比较、交叉学科成果借鉴、多元方法引入等综合意识,形成动态地域武术观.     

房产税改革的方案选择及财税效应分析

对房产持有环节开征房产税具有国际通用的合理性和合法性,房产税改革是新一轮国家财税体制改革的重要内容。对国内主要城市的房产税改革方案及其财税效应分析表明：采用无差别税率征税方案的优势在于减少征管成本、确保居民纳税义务的公平性,劣势在于造成纳税人税负过重、不利于调节财富分配差距;而按住房面积采用递进税率征税方案的优势在于能够调节贫富差距、体现“量能负担”原则,劣势在于容易被纳税人投机取巧而逃避高税率和监管。权衡利弊,“每人享受一定面积的减免,根据住房面积大小、基于公告价值或评估价值按不同税率征收”的方案,可作为今后房产税改革的主要方向。     

Battle of Systems: Learning from Erstwhile Gas–Electricity and Telegraph–Telephone Battles

Abstract

This paper seeks to understand how the possibility of a complementary relationship or its lack impacts dynamics of competition between two competing network technologies. It examines the cases of gas–electricity and telegraph–telephone competition. The two case studies suggest that the degree of complementarity greatly shapes the dynamics of competition between an entrenched network technology and a new competitor. When there is little scope for a complementary relationship, as in the case of the gas–electricity battle, the strategists for the new technology have to subvert the old system and build a new one on its ashes since there is little chance of coexistence. On the other hand, the possibility of a complementary relationship, as in the case of the telegraph–telephone battle, allows for the emergence of complex situations marked by coexistence interwoven with competition. These compromise positions, invariably involving re‐negotiation of boundaries, are tempting resting spots for battle weary contestants. As the relationship between the old and the new system evolves, the nature of the complementary relationship changes, especially in the relative power of the two systems, and even if eventually the old system fades away the process is a long and gradual one.