Measuring scientific contributions with modified fractional counting

We develop and propose a new counting method at the aggregate level for contributions to scientific publications called modified fractional counting (MFC). We show that, compared to traditional complete-normalized fractional counting, it eliminates the extreme differences in contributions over time that otherwise occur between scientists that mainly publish alone or in small groups and those that publish with large groups of co-authors. As an extra benefit we find that scientists in different areas of research turn out to have comparable average contributions to scientific articles. We test the method on scientists at Norway’s largest universities and find that, at an aggregate level, it indeed supports comparability across different co-authorship practices as well as between areas of research. MFC is thereby useful whenever the research output from institutions with different research profiles are compared, as e.g., in the Leiden Ranking. Finally, as MFC is actually a family of indicators, depending on a sensitivity parameter, it can be adapted to the circumstances.     

图类Kn-PSm（a1,a2,…,am）的生成树数目

利用图 G的标定技巧、线性代数的矩阵、行列式运算、补生成树矩阵定理和不等式运算等理论,研究当m=2,3,4,5时且a1,a2,…,am为任意数时,基于路的多重星图相关图Kn-PSm （a1,a2,…,am ）的一般情况的生成树的数目并得到了相关公式。     

计数电路制作实训的设计与构想

以＂计数电路制作实训＂为例,介绍数字电子技术课程开展实训项目的设计思想。说明实训主要环节及具体实践方案,并总结实训中常遇到的问题,实现计数、译码、显示等知识点的串联,并培养学生的团队协作意识。     

智能公交调度管理系统功能及关键技术分析

介绍了智能公交调度管理系统的总体设计、主要功能和主要技术难点,详细分析了技术难点中智能电子站牌和车辆客流量统计的实现方法．     

An Ode to Imre Lakatos: Quasi-Thought Experiments to Bridge the Ideal and Actual Mathematics Classrooms

This paper explores the wide range of mathematics content and processes that arise in the secondary classroom via the use of unusual counting problems. A universal pedagogical goal of mathematics teachers is to convey a sense of unity among seemingly diverse topics within mathematics. Such a goal can be accomplished if we could conduct classroom discourse that conveys the Lakatosian (thought-experimental) view of mathematics as that of continual conjecture-proof-refutation which involves rich mathematizing experiences. I present a pathway towards this pedagogical goal by presenting student insights into an unusual counting problem and by using these outcomes to construct ideal mathematical possibilities (content and process) for discourse. In particular, I re-construct the quasi-empirical approaches of six!4-year old students’ attempts to solve this unusual counting problem and present the possibilities for mathematizing during classroom discourse in the imaginative spirit of Imre Lakatos. The pedagogical implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics in the secondary classroom and in mathematics teacher education are discussed.     

抽象Lebesgue积分在无穷级数中的一个应用

通过引入计数测度,将数学分析中的无穷级数与测度论里的抽象积分联系起来,并且在此基础上对无穷级数的一个定理给出了较为简洁的证明.     

Piagetian controversies,cognitive competence,and assumptions about human communication

This article is a comment on Ed Elbers' analysis of the debate between R. Gelman and R. Siegler on the development of fundamental counting competencies. An attempt is made to characterize some aspects of the theoretical positions of Gelman and Siegler. It is argued that the tendency to reduce human cognitive performance to an issue of either the application of preformed competencies of various kinds, or, alternatively, of the use of domain specific knowledge, hampers our understanding of cognitive growth and the mastery of intellectual tools. The alternative offered is that all human activity—including what takes place in the experiment — should be seen as socially and culturally situated, and that our focus should be on understanding the resources—mental as well as practical—that people draw on when solving problems.     

基于图像处理的原生动物自动计数方法及其实现

针对一些原生动物种类在水体中不断游动难于计数的问题,采用数字图像处理技术,将连续拍摄的两幅或多幅照片,经过图像相减、增强、滤波以及二值化等图像处理技术,转换为一幅黑白图像。再使用连通区域的标号、原生动物计数和统计修正等方法,自动计算出图中的原生动物个数。该系统已被成功使用于草履虫等纤毛类原生动物的定量,得到了比人工计数更为准确和更高效的实验结果。     

无形资产及其确认与计量

通过探讨我国现行《无形资产会计准则》中对无形资产的确认与计量存在的问题,提出相应的改进建议。     

变码元速率调制技术的探讨

首先我们把语音信号经自适应差分脉冲编码，得到量化差值二进制数据(速率为fB)，以00、01、10、11为基本计数单元(以2位数据为例)，对该组数据进行数据分配并计数，得到连续基本计数单元的个数n，用参数n和基本计数单元类型控制调制信号的相位。