基于复合协调度模型的创新主体协同机理研究

创新主体协同对提高产业技术创新能力具有重要意义。本文基于复合协调度模型,利用高技术产业不同行业2013-2017年面板数据,对创新主体协同进行机理分析。研究发现,以企业为核心的产业技术内部创新主体与政府、高校、科研院所等外部创新主体协同度虽然增加,但整体水平不高,高技术产业不同行业创新主体协同度存在显著差异,高技术产业5大行业中电子及通讯设备制造业创新主体之间的协同度最高,航空、航天器及设备制造业创新主体协同度最低且增加的幅度也低于其他行业,最后针对存在的问题提出了相关对策建议。     

Do teams need both hands? An analysis of team process ambidexterity and the enabling role of information technology

As a core organizational resource, business processes are vital for organizational teams. To deal with today’s volatile business environment, organizations need to be ambidextrous in terms of process capabilities. However, little is known about how process ambidexterity, process standardization, and process agility, are enabled by information technology (IT) and related to team-level activities. To fill this gap in the literature, we conducted a field study based on 160 teams of 1081 individuals from seven companies in South Korea. Our results show that IT enables both process standardization and agility, and that a team’s process ambidexterity has a positive effect on inter-team coordination and team innovation, which in turn have a direct impact on team performance. Our findings highlight the importance of process ambidexterity by investigating the enabling role of IT and its outcomes in a team. Our results offer theoretical and practical implications from the perspective of team process ambidexterity.     

Local and teleconnected temperature effects of afforestation and vegetation greening in China

Afforestation in China provides carbon sequestration and prevents soil erosion, but its remote impacts on climate in other regions via the coupling of forest energy fluxes with atmospheric circulation are largely unknown. Here, we prescribe inventory-based forest cover change and satellite-observed leaf area index from 1982 to 2011 in a coupled land-atmosphere model to simulate their biophysical climate effects. Both local and global surface air temperatures show a seasonal contrast in response to past vegetation cover expansion over China: a phenomenon we primarily attribute to a variation of seasonality of vegetation greening. A large cooling in spring results in concurrent decreases in geopotential height over China and zonal wind over Mongolia, causing a dipole structure in the upper troposphere over the Arctic. This accounts for ∼58% of simulated spring warming over the Russian Arctic and ∼61% of simulated spring cooling over the Canadian Artic. Our results imply that spring vegetation dynamics in China may affect climate in northern high latitudes.     

黄土高原社会-生态系统变化及其可持续性

在全球变化和人类活动驱动下,社会系统与生态系统均处在不断加剧的动态变化中,揭示二者之间的互馈机制是保持和增强系统弹性以及可持续性的科学基础。黄土高原地区是中国人口、资源、环境矛盾最集中的区域之一,也是黄河重要的产水区和绝大部分泥沙的来源区。合理布局黄土高原土地利用格局,协调黄土高原水土保持和黄河下游水资源利用与泥沙控制,是黄土高原地区和黄河流域可持续发展的重大需求。本文立足于国际社会-生态系统耦合研究前沿和可持续发展与生态建设的国家需求,综述了区域社会系统与生态系统的互馈机制和社会-生态系统的耦合模拟的研究进展,总结了黄土高原社会-生态系统的变化过程和驱动机制,认为发展社会-生态系统动态机制分析方法和稳态转换识别方法,建立耦合社会系统与生态系统的土地利用权衡与优化模型,是推动社会-生态系统耦合研究理论与方法创新、为黄土高原的可持续发展提供科学依据的重要途径。     

德国、日本与美国主要大学研究所学位授予比较研究

近年来,台湾高等教育扩张中,数量增加最快的教育层级为研究生教育,特别是硕士班的教育。此一趋势为研究生教育带来新的挑战：究竟研究生教育的定位应为传统上培育研究高深学术的人才,还是具有实务导向的专业人才？本文针对德国、日本、美国三国的27所著名大学,分析整理其研究生层级、包括硕士与博士阶段的学位授予的规定,了解其学术导向与专业导向学位的修习内涵、毕业条件与学位名称。研究结果可供调整研究所学住分化与学位授予规定之参考。     

中国体育产业与旅游产业发展耦合关联性测度及空间相关分析

体育产业和旅游产业的互动融合发展是当前经济发展的客观需求,基于耦合协调度模型、探索性空间数据分析方法,构建体育产业和旅游产业发展耦合协调评价指标体系,探讨中国大陆31个省、直辖市、自治区体育产业和旅游产业综合水平及耦合协调度时序、空间分异特征。结果显示:我国体育产业和旅游产业综合水平均表现出增长态势,空间分布呈东中西阶梯分布,旅游产业综合水平好于体育产业水平;耦合协调度发展缓慢,整体处于较低水平;两个产业的耦合协调度在空间上呈正向聚集特征,且聚集程度逐年递增;东部沿海地区耦合协调度好于中部和西部地区。并提出如下建议:建立区域协同发展机制,促进体育产业均衡发展;挖掘体育产业与旅游产业的关联性,完善体育产业发展体系;协同发挥体育产业与旅游产业融合进程中的政府引导作用和企业创新管理能力。     

Age and maturity related differences in motor coordination among male elite youth soccer players

This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η² 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased.     

基于灰色系统理论的专利授权数预测研究——以辽宁省为例

[目的/意义]旨在准确、合理地对专利授权数进行预测.[方法/过程]运用灰色系统理论,对待选因素进行灰关联度计算,选择关联度较高因素的统计数据,形成被比较序列,再结合参考序列建立GM(1,N)模型,对专利授权数进行预测和误差检验.[结果/结论]通过与常规GM(1,N)模型对比,建立的GM(1,6)模型的预测准确度优于前者...     

企业动态能力系统演化的状态变量与影响因素

在分析动态能力理论局限性的基础上,提出了一个企业动态能力系统的概念框架和基于系统动力学的仿真模型,并研究了相关问题.研究结果表明:(1)创造环境和共同进化是分析系统的逻辑起点,创造需求和新价值是系统的主要功能.(2)企业知识相关变量和企业资源相关变量是系统演化的主要状态变量,学习投入率、学习效率、价值匹配程度是系统演化的主要驱动因素,组织思维惯性和组织行为惯性是系统演化的主要限制因素.这四个参数变量决定了系统演化的路径.(3)引导顾客及其它商业生态网成员参与知识和价值创造,实现一定程度的资源和知识共享,是维持系统良性运转的有效路径.     

我国专业学位研究生教育认证制度的建构——基于新制度主义视角的分析简

认证制度是保障与提升专业学位研究生教育质量的重要途径和手段。专业学位研究生教育的发展需要与之相适应的认证制度来进行保障。专业学位研究生教育认证制度,需要在积极营造良性制度环境的条件下,在对认证制度进行合理性论证的基础上,从社会规范、社会关系和文化认知等三个层面进行系统化的建构。