地方政府主导下的农地转用决策及其偏好差异分析

农地转用决策理论能为农地保护制度建设提供重要的参考依据,但经典的决策模型并不适用于我国地方政府主导农地转用的现状。本文基于地方政府行为理论,构建了适用于国内背景的农地转用决策模型,以分析地方政府农地转用决策的特征。结果表明,建设用地对经济产出的边际贡献、土地出让金水平是地方政府农地转用决策的重要依据,地区经济质量和农地资源禀赋对地方政府决策弹性分别起到负向和正向的影响,由于地方政府在决策时可能存在的偏好和非理性因素,农地转用的最优规模无法仅仅依赖于外部性内化政策实现。     

大学生专业承诺和职业决策困难的关系再探讨

目前有关大学生专业承诺和职业决策困难关系的研究还存在不一致之处。本研究使用大学生专业承诺量表和大学生职业决策困难量表开展调查,以典型相关分析探讨两组变量的关系和作用方向,研究发现专业承诺与职业决策困难存在一对显著的典型变量（ρ=0.510, χ2=168.675, df=16, p＜0.01）,情感承诺、理想承诺和规范承诺与职业信息探索、职业目标确立和职业自我探索的典型相关系数较大,专业承诺对职业决策的影响大于职业决策对专业承诺的影响。研究认为大学生专业承诺对职业决策困难存在影响,藉此可以多加强学生学业指导,进而缓解职业决策困难。     

Race,social class,and child abuse: Content and strength of medical professionals’ stereotypes

Black and poor children are overrepresented at every stage of the child welfare system, from suspicion of abuse to substantiation. Focusing on stereotypes as a source of bias that leads to these disparities, the current study examines the content and strength of stereotypes relating race and social class to child abuse as viewed by medical professionals. Doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals (Study 1: N = 53; Study 2: N = 40) were recruited in local hospitals and online through snowball sampling. Study 1 identified stereotype content by asking participants to list words associated with the stereotype that either (a) Black or (b) poor children are more likely to be abused by their parents, and responses were organized into construct groups. Study 2 determined stereotype strength by asking participants to rate how strongly the constructs generated in Study 1 related to either the race-abuse or social class-abuse stereotype. The content of stereotypes linking child abuse to Black or poor children are confounded, with approximately half the constructs shared by both stereotypes. Of the 10 shared constructs, only “Stressed” and “Neglect” differed in strength, with both significantly more strongly related to the social class-abuse than race-abuse stereotype, all ts(36–37) ≤ −2.23, ps ≤ .03, Cohen’s ds ≥ .71. This research documents the existence, content, and strength of stereotypes that link race and social class to child abuse. These stereotypes have the potential to lead to medical misdiagnosis of abuse for Black and poor children.     

The relationship between university students’ environmental identity,decision-making process,and behavior

Environmental education scholars have argued for the need to focus on identity as a more predictive factor than attitude of individuals’ environmental behavior. We examine individuals’ decision-making as a mediating process between identity and behavior. University undergraduates (N = 299) were surveyed, with a select sub-sample interviewed. As expected, environmental identity was correlated with pro-environment behavior (recycling). However, students with lower pro-environmental identity also recycled regularly. Similarly, analysis of decision-making revealed most students, regardless of their environmental identity, do not think much when recycling. Environmental structures such as presence of recycling bins surfaced as a powerful influence on pro-environment behavior.     

长期冰川学观测引领大陆性和干旱区冰川变化与影响研究

中国是中纬度山地冰川大国,冰川科学研究十分重要。冰川还是我国西部干旱区重要的水资源——我国及周边国家大江大河的源头,由冰川变化引发的水文、水资源变化对于我国西北干旱区山盆地理结构的生态系统具有决定性意义。中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站(以下简称"天山冰川站")建立于中国冰川学开创之初的1959年,围绕乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川(以下简称"1号冰川")的研究,对中国冰川科学理论的形成和发展起着关键性作用,亦是对国际冰川学的重要发展和贡献。以乌鲁木齐河山区流域综合观测试验为基础的水文学研究,奠定了我国内陆河流域水文研究基础。60年来,作为中国冰川学观测、试验、研究和人才培养的基地,对外开放交流的平台,天山冰川站在冰川物理学、冰川对气候变化的响应、冰川水文、雪冰物理化学过程、第四纪冰川、冰缘植被与生态等研究方向取得系统性创新成果,为中国的冰川学事业作出了卓越贡献。世界冰川监测服务中心(WGMS)将1号冰川列为全球10条重点观测研究的参照冰川之一,即作为中国和中亚干旱区的参照冰川,其长期、系统的观测研究成为许多国家冰川学研究的参照和典范。     

一种正在演进着的人类发展观——人的发展的生物生态学模型述评

美国心理学教授Urie Bronfenbrenner在批评传统发展研究的基础上,提出了一个"正在演进着"的理论体系--人的发展的生物生态学模型.Bronfenbrenner提倡在发现模式中以及用生态实验的方法采研究人的发展.该理论模型具有四个定义性特征:过程、个人、情境和时间,其中过程构成了模型的核心.这四个定义性特征之间相互影响、相互联系,形成了一个动态的系统.人的发展的生物生态学模型提供了一种揭示人的发展的本质的新视角.     

对偶问题在经济管理中的应用

企业的管理者对企业的生产计划,成本估算,生产过程管理以及市场预算对企业起到关键作用。文章根据市场及企业本身的具体情况,利用线性规划的对偶问题原理建立相应的数学模型,用线性规划中的对偶问题原理加以分析,为企业决策者提供合理决策的理论依据。     

Perceptual-cognitive skill training and its transfer to expert performance in the field: Future research directions

Abstract

Perceptual-cognitive skills training provides a potentially valuable method for training athletes on key skills, such as anticipation and decision-making. It can be used when athletes are unable to physically train or are unable to experience repeated key situations from their sport. In this article, we review research on perceptual-cognitive skills training and describe future research areas focusing on a number of key theories and principles. The main aim of any training intervention should be the efficacy of retention and transfer of learning from training to field situations, which should be the key consideration when designing the representative tasks used in perceptual-cognitive skills training. We review the principles that seek to create practice tasks that replicate those found in the field, so as to increase the amount of transfer that occurs. These principles are perception–action coupling, the contextual interference effect and contextual information, which suggest there should be a high level of similarity between training and real-life performance when designing perceptual-cognitive skills training. In the final section, we discuss the transfer of retained skill acquisition from perceptual-cognitive skills training to field performance, which we suggest to be the key area for future research in this area.     

非常规突发事件个体决策行为影响因素研究

构建基于系统动力学的非常规突发事件个体决策行为影响模型,并通过实证分析验证了该模型。结果表明:随着决策过程的进行,各情景的决策误差度会逐步降低;各情景的决策时间渐渐缩短。     

网站质量保障流程与测试方法优化的研究与应用

针对目前国内网站建设尚处于低水平,网站制作质量参差不齐,网站建设缺乏合理的项目管理科学流程;结合国内的实际情况,提出相关网站质量保障流程与测试方法优化方案,应用到网站开发流程中。优秀的网站质量保障流程与测试方法优化,可以保障网站开发的质量,提高网站建设企业的利润空间,让整个网站建设行业重新焕发生机。