春秋战国秦汉时期“史”的发展演变

殷周时代 ,一切学术都由统治者直接控制 ,史官之职也是世袭的 ,有着很高的地位和特质 ,所作之史书在一般人心目中也有很高的威信。春秋中期以后 ,史官的修史逐渐受到强暴势力的威胁 ,但仍有史官冒着生命危险修史的例子 ,涌现了一批像董狐、南史氏这样的“良史”。而与此同时也出现了史官屈从于强暴势力的事例。这些事例说明春秋中期以后 ,史官的地位已经发生了微妙的变化 ,趋于低落 ,同时史官本身也出现了许多缺陷和弱点。到战国中期 ,史官的地位已低落到世人羞而为之的地步。而伴随史官地位低落的 ,则是史官修史之风的败坏 ,强暴势力的因素越来越影响史官的修史。到西汉时 ,史官的地位已经低落到和倡优差不多的地步。     

转型、困惑与出路——美国“进步主义运动”略论

19、20世纪之交美国社会经济的巨变和转型促成了“进步主义运动”的兴起。运动的倡导者源自美国社会各主要阶层和集团，共同的社会责任感和危机意识将其维系在一起。作为自由主义改革的集大成者，这场运动从19世纪后期美国的各类改革实践中汲取营养，以之作为渊源和动力并有所超越。由于该时期美国社会转型的复杂性，“进步主义运动”也蕴涵诸多悖论，对其加以准确释读对于观照普遍意义上的资本主义转型不无裨益。     

Designing informal learning experiences for early career academics using a knowledge ecosystem model

This article presents a ‘knowledge ecosystem’ model of how early career academics experience using information to learn while building their social networks for developmental purposes. Developed using grounded theory methodology, the model offers a way of conceptualising how to empower early career academics through (1) agency (individual and relational) and (2) facilitation of personalised informal learning (design of physical and virtual systems and environments) in spaces where developmental relationships are formed, including programmes, courses, events, community, home and social media. It is suggested that the knowledge ecosystem model is suitable for use in designing informal learning experiences for early career academics.     

教师教育的发展与师范院校的转型

进入 2 1世纪后 ,随着国际化程度的加强、科学技术的发展和教育终身化潮流的来临 ,中国的教师教育呈现出高学历化和高素质要求、教师来源多元化 ,以及教师教育一体化、教师职业专业化等新的发展趋势 ,因此 ,师范院校必须不断改革 ,才能持续发展。本文首先从教师教育发展趋势的轨迹切入 ,指出师范院校在新时代中所面临的挑战 ;其次 ,着重分析师范院校战略转型的综合性及具体策略上的多元化 ;最后 ,指出在师范院校转型过程中所应注意的几个问题     

Predicting transition and adjustment to college: biomedical and behavioral science aspirants’ and minority students’ first year of college

The purpose of this study is to explore key factors that impact the college transition of aspiring underrepresented minority students in the biomedical and behavioral sciences, in comparison with White, Asian students and non-science minority students. We examined successful management of the academic environment and sense of belonging during the first college year. Longitudinal data were derived from the Higher Education Research Institute’s (HERI) 2004 Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) Freshman Survey and the 2005 Your First College Year (YFCY) Survey. Using a reformulation of the integration model (Nora, Barlow, and Crisp, 2005), we find concerns about college financing, negotiating family support and responsibility, and campus racial dynamics (perceived and behavioral) affect student adjustment and sense of integration in the first year. This study was made possible by the support of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, NIH Grant Number 1 RO1 GMO71968-01. This independent research and the views expressed here do not indicate endorsement by the sponsor.     

面向21世纪的社会科学课程

21世纪应该是个人文教育空前发展的时代 ,社会科学也越来越凸现了它的重要性。文章通过比较世界各国的课程教学情况 ,在课程内容方面论述了 2 1世纪的社会科学课程。     

Mitigating the Effects of Poverty and Crime: the Long-Term Effects of an Early Intervention Programme for Children who were Developmentally Delayed and Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine

This study explores the long-term impact on participation in the Linda Ray Intervention Program (LRIP) for children (n = 54) who were developmentally delayed and prenatally exposed to cocaine. By identifying a group of programme graduates from a high crime/high poverty neighbourhood in Miami-Dade County using ArcGIS 10.2 software, a quasi-experimental design was used to compare children living in this area who participated in the centre-based modality (5 h a day; 5 days a week) to children living in this area who participated in the home-based modality (3 h per week) on their Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) reading and math scale scores in public school. The children who participated in the centre-based modality reported stronger outcomes in both math and reading FCAT scale scores at the p < .05 level and also out-performed their school-age peers on both math and reading FCAT scores at the p < .05 level.     

Implicit knowledge of general upper secondary school in a bridge-building project

Bridge-building activities are practiced widely in the education systems of Europe. They are meant to bridge transitions between lower and upper secondary school and form a mandatory part of the youth guidance system in Denmark. By giving pupils the opportunity to experience the different educational context of upper secondary school, bridge-building activities are meant to facilitate their decision-making on educational paths, but also to attract more and new groups of pupils. However, the premises of the inherent differences of educational contexts and of pupils’ lacking knowledge of upper secondary education can be questioned. In this ethnographic case study of a bridge-building project in a rural area in Denmark, we analyse the implicit knowledge of the general upper secondary school, as it is practiced in a bridge-building project, and how it is experienced by the pupils on the background of their prior knowledge. The analysis is theoretically informed by especially the code concepts of Basil Bernstein.     

Ti-50．9at％Ni薄膜组织和相转变的研究

采用磁控溅射方法在Si片沉积了Ti-50．9at％Ni形状记忆合金薄膜,并将薄膜分别在不同温度下进行退火．利用示差扫描量热方法（DSC）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）研究了薄膜退火前后形貌、相变特征及应力随退火温度的变化．实验结果表明：溅射态薄膜为非晶态,其晶化温度范围为430℃-535℃,晶化同时伴随着Ti3Ni4相的析出;退火后的薄膜随着退火温度的升高,Rs、Af、Ms均呈上升趋势．薄膜的残余应力随着退火温度的增加而逐渐减少．     

城郊型宗教名山的旅游转型——以木兰山为例

由于人们生活水平日益提高,旅游需求不断变化,单一的旅游功能无法满足游客的需求,旅游目的地的转型升级已成为旅游业关注的焦点问题.通过分析国内城郊型宗教名山存在的旅游问题,探寻此类旅游目的地的升级转型模式,提出了城郊型宗教观光旅游目的地向综合性旅游目的地转型的方向和具体途径.在此基础上,以木兰山为具体案例,给出木兰山旅游的转型方向、模式、方法,期望为城郊型宗教名山的旅游转型提供借鉴.