2019年清代地方档案整理与研究述评

近年来各地档案馆逐步展开对价值较大、数量较多的清代地方档案的整理工作,学界对清代地方档案的研究也有了更深层次的进展。文章将对2019年清代地方档案整理和研究方面的成果进行概述,以期完善当前研究存在的不足,为未来清代地方档案的整理和研究提供可行性建议。     

Encouraging Knowledge Transfer in Food Science and Nutrition Education: Suggestions from Cognitive Research

For several decades, cognitive psychologists have been studying how we learn, and from this work it becomes possible to identify ways to help students learn in the classroom effectively. Importantly, this work does not just inform how to memorize facts, but also how to learn complex material in a way that allows students to apply what they are learning in future situations. The laboratory to classroom model used by many researchers to apply cognitive psychology to real educational situations, such as classroom learning and students’ independent studying, is described first. Then the focus turns to important issues within education, such as students’ ability to transfer knowledge to new situations and understand complex material. Finally, three learning strategies are discussed (concrete examples, elaborative interrogation, and retrieval practice) that instructors can implement to help students to both acquire knowledge and apply it to new situations, integrating examples from food science and nutrition.     

安徽省高校图书馆发展的现状、问题与对策——基于图书馆一站式检索的调查

文章通过对安徽省29所普通本科院校图书馆的一站式检索平台建设现状进行调查,分析存在的问题,并对进一步完善图书馆一站式检索服务提出一些建设性意见。     

论裁判文书的说理性

公开裁判理由,加强裁判文书说理性,对于解决诉讼争议,化解矛盾,减少不必要的上诉、申诉,具有重要意义。面对当前我国裁判文书说理性不强问题,本文从剖析裁判文书说理性不强的原因出发,借鉴域外裁判文书说理性的经验,为我国裁判文书说理性的提高提供思路,建构符合我国司法实情的说理体系。     

Probabilistic topic modeling in multilingual settings: An overview of its methodology and applications

Probabilistic topic models are unsupervised generative models which model document content as a two-step generation process, that is, documents are observed as mixtures of latent concepts or topics, while topics are probability distributions over vocabulary words. Recently, a significant research effort has been invested into transferring the probabilistic topic modeling concept from monolingual to multilingual settings. Novel topic models have been designed to work with parallel and comparable texts. We define multilingual probabilistic topic modeling (MuPTM) and present the first full overview of the current research, methodology, advantages and limitations in MuPTM. As a representative example, we choose a natural extension of the omnipresent LDA model to multilingual settings called bilingual LDA (BiLDA). We provide a thorough overview of this representative multilingual model from its high-level modeling assumptions down to its mathematical foundations. We demonstrate how to use the data representation by means of output sets of (i) per-topic word distributions and (ii) per-document topic distributions coming from a multilingual probabilistic topic model in various real-life cross-lingual tasks involving different languages, without any external language pair dependent translation resource: (1) cross-lingual event-centered news clustering, (2) cross-lingual document classification, (3) cross-lingual semantic similarity, and (4) cross-lingual information retrieval. We also briefly review several other applications present in the relevant literature, and introduce and illustrate two related modeling concepts: topic smoothing and topic pruning. In summary, this article encompasses the current research in multilingual probabilistic topic modeling. By presenting a series of potential applications, we reveal the importance of the language-independent and language pair independent data representations by means of MuPTM. We provide clear directions for future research in the field by providing a systematic overview of how to link and transfer aspect knowledge across corpora written in different languages via the shared space of latent cross-lingual topics, that is, how to effectively employ learned per-topic word distributions and per-document topic distributions of any multilingual probabilistic topic model in various cross-lingual applications.     

基于语义Web的科技期刊网络信息检索及其应用

针对目前科技期刊数字出版过程中内容表示格式多样化和多数据源带来的异构和跨库检索难、基于关键词匹配无法达到精确匹配、基于关键字的关系数据库检索数据挖掘能力有限以及无法用自然语言进行检索查询等问题,提出构建基于语义Web的科技期刊网络信息检索模型,并讨论科技期刊领域本体库、应用本体库的创建,给出该检索模型在科技期刊的创新其服务模式、数据挖掘、知识关联和发现等方面的应用。     

基于知识图谱的即兴领域知识结构及其演化分析

以文献同被引、因子分析和寻径网络算法为基础,对1998年以来即兴领域的知识结构及其演化过程进行分析。研究结果表明,即兴领域的知识基础由组织、战略和创新,能力,学习,惯例,创业以及方法等6个知识群构成,其知识结构随时间具有统计上的显著变化。利用Network workbench Tool绘制的知识图谱,分析即兴领域知识结构的关联性及其演化特征。     

科技查新形式化问题及其管理模式创新研究

对当前科技查新报告的形式化问题进行研究,并对形式化问题产生的原因进行分析,提出由科技管理部门主导的新的科技查新管理模式。新的科技查新管理模式能够实现科技管理部门对科技查新机构和查新人员的有效监督,从体制上根治科技查新报告的形式化弊端。     

SSCI收录图书情报类期刊“非可被引文献”的引证特征

[目的]探讨SSCI收录图书情报类期刊"非可被引文献"(NCD)的引证特征及其意义。[方法]对SSCI收录所有图书情报类期刊2011-2012年发表的NCD进行统计,并进一步统计各类型NCD在2013年的被引量。[结果]SSCI收录的图书情报类期刊NCD类型中数量最多的是Book review,达9723篇,其次是Proceedings paper和Editorial material,三者都超过了1000篇。从引证效率来说,Book的篇均被引量和文献被引量都非常高,其次为Reprint、Software review、Editorial material、Bibliography、Proceedings paper、Letter,文献被引率都超过了10%。而Biographical item和Meeting abstract引证效率为0。[结论]我国图书情报类期刊应当立足于期刊本身,设置多样化NCD类型,吸收国内外优秀图书情报学稿源,不断提升期刊国际影响力。     

浅谈高职高专院校国际商务单证实务教学的现状和问题

国际商务单证实务课程对高职高专外贸类专业的学生非常重要,直接关系到学生专业知识体系,专业素养和就业能力,因此需要做好该课程的教学工作。做好该工作,需要从教学两方面正视目前存在的问题,改变教学观念和方法上的陈旧做法,并注意根据学生特点克服学习上客观存在的困难。