地理学研究生教育的空间性及其生产机制

比较中国高校地理学研究生培养方案,识别高校地理学研究生教育的空间性及其生产机制。研究发现:（1）研究生培养单位分布区域不平衡显著,隶属关系与区位差异直接影响培养方向、目标、创新能力等方面育成途径差异,地理学研究生培养日益重视学科内部交叉,以及与生态环境、测绘、海洋、经济、城乡规划与资源环境管理等外部学科交叉衍生;（2）中央政府直属高校自然地理人才培养面向全球变化、资源利用与自然灾害,人文地理人才培养集中在经济、城市、旅游等三级分支理论研究及其服务国家发展规划,地理信息系统人才养集中在资源环境遥感原理与应用、生态环境监测;省属高校地理学研究生培养更加注重地方发展、资源环境利用与中学师资等方向。     

“生活·实践”教育的哲学辨识

“生活·实践”教育不仅是一个重要的教育实践策略或路径,更是一个思想方案。它所聚焦的重大理论问题是,教育何以在本质上是“生活·实践”的。在教育本质研究的历史与传统中,教育“真理话语”主要有形而上学-神逻辑、历史-经验逻辑、生活-实践逻辑三种解释范式。“生活·实践”教育理论建立在马克思主义哲学基础之上,具有深厚的本体论意蕴。教育之所以在本质上是“生活·实践”的,是因为人的本质是生成的而非预成的,是在“生活·实践”中生成的,只有在“生活·实践”中,人才能得到自由全面的发展。“生活·实践”教育理论如想建立一个完整的教育观念系统,就有必要在本体论研究上着紧用力。     

Rural-Oriented Pre-service Teachers Transitioning in Multiple Identities: An Ethnographic Study in a Chinese University Based on Sociological Institutionalism

Based on the identity theory and the sociological institutionalism theory, this study establishes a triple identity analysis framework and describes the interaction pattern and internal logic between the internal identity cognition and the external identity expectation of rural-oriented pre-service teachers through the study of educational ethnography. It is found that while they form a dominant identity in the interaction with policies, they are also endowed with the identity “privilege” and the energized learning motivation, but there are mutual restrictions between policies’ entitlement and empowerment. In the interaction with social norms, they exchange with the policies reciprocally due to the torture of moral obligation, and then consciously undertake the responsibilities of their identity, but ego and publicity still conflict with each other in the underlying logic. In the interaction with their ego, they gradually reconcile with themselves and reshape their identity after experiencing identity rejection under the stigmatization cognition. Then, in the process of habitualization and institutionalization of identity, they adopt two different strategies: passive compromise and active adjustment.     

5G and Smart Education: Educational Reform Based on Intelligent Technology

The 5G communication technology serving a wide range of vertical industries is maturing, which provides a possible boost for the development of smart education and lays a foundation for solving the principal contradiction in current education. With the characteristics of ultra-high speed, low latency, low energy consumption, massive network capacity, and high reliability, the 5G technology is applied with other technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), internet of things (IoT), big data, and blockchain to promote the application upgrading of intelligent education technology. This paper analyzes the intelligent education technology and its eight typical applications in the 5G era, which include smart safe campus, integrated learning spaces, synchronous cyber classrooms, teachers’ professional development, robot learning partners, mobile and ubiquitous learning, virtual simulation training, and smart e-textbooks. Then, it discusses how intelligent education technology promotes changes in the modes of learning and teaching in the 5G era from three dimensions: individual learning, collaborative group learning, and classroom-based collective teaching. At last, the framework of smart education in the 5G era is proposed from the perspectives of intelligent education technology and its typical applications, changes in learning and teaching, and the new ecosystem of smart education.     

Will Special-Contracted Teachers Promote the Development of Rural Students? From the Perspective of the New Human Capital Theory

The Special-Contracted Teacher Scheme, a supplement to the traditional mode of teacher supply, has been implemented for 17 years and the teaching quality of those teachers has gained a lot of attention. Using data of teachers and students from the sample counties in four central and western provincial-level administrative units, this paper studies how special-contracted teachers have affected students’ academic performance and non-cognitive ability according to the student development framework of the new human capital theory, and how those effects vary among different teacher groups. Results show that while special-contracted teachers have helped improve the academic performance of rural students, their role is limited in improving students’ non-cognitive ability. At the same time, female special-contracted teachers and those without a normal major play an obviously bigger role in raising students’ academic performance. The conclusion is that special-contracted teachers can to some extent help narrow the urban-rural gap in academic performance, but more research needs to be done to better understand their effects on students’ non-cognitive ability.     

共同富裕背景下中等收入群体高等教育焦虑的典型特点与对策研究

中等收入群体既是我国经济社会发展的重要参与者、支撑者和贡献者,又是高等教育普及化和高质量高等教育的推动者,且该群体的扩大能够为我国跨越“中等收入陷阱”提供必要条件。然而近年来,他们逐步陷入了某种群体性焦虑,其中高等教育焦虑是其重要的一方面。面对新时代人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾,中等收入群体在高等教育需要方面表现出的焦虑情绪具有广泛性、深刻性、持续性和扩散性四大特点。中等收入人群的增加有利于更好地缩小贫富差距,是实现共同富裕的重要途径,我们要理性认识到中等收入群体的高等教育焦虑是现代化进程中的伴生现象,是中等收入群体发展的典型特征,缓解中等收入群体的高等教育焦虑需要加强供给侧结构性改革。因此,我们要遵循“守住公平底线,坚持共同发展;关注群体需求,扩大优质资源;多种手段并举,开拓教育消费渠道;聚焦发展水平,全面提升质量”的总体思路,分别从扩大高等教育供给、促进高等教育高质量发展、推动中等收入群体家庭成员共同发展、保障中等收入家庭心理安全以及持续提升高等教育培养能力等角度采取相关措施,以有效缓解中等收入群体高等教育焦虑,更好地推动国家经济社会发展以及共同富裕的早日实现。     

境外高校独立办学立法的现实诉求与思考

推进境外高校独立办学立法是重大教育改革于法有据的必然要求,是支持跨境教育新业态健康发展的法治保障,也是推进跨境教育治理现代化的必由之路。海南自由贸易港应尽快制定境外高校独立办学的专门管理法规,以区域性跨境教育先行先试,进而辐射更大区域、更大范围乃至带动全国教育领域改革开放的协同发展。境外高校独立办学立法的主要原则是教育主权原则、教育公益性原则、高校独立办学原则和透明原则。立法的重点是厘定独立办学机构的法律地位,明确其法律权利和义务,规范其审批程序,加强政府部门对独立办学行为的监管和不当行为的责任追究,实现境外高校独立办学法治化、规范化。     

特殊教育经费投入空间差异测度、来源分解与发展格局优化

长期以来,特殊教育财政投入是我国各级各类教育投入中较为薄弱的一个环节。文章选取2007-2018年全国各省市生均特殊教育经费作为研究对象,采用Dagum基尼系数等衡量指标,分别就地区生均特殊教育经费投入的空间分布特征、区域差异及其来源进行分析。结果发现,我国生均特殊教育经费的空间分布呈现出显著的"东部高、中西部低"的非均衡特征,地区内部差异大小表现为西部地区内部差异高于东部、东部高于中部的分布特征,且省域间差异是整体差异的首要来源。因此,我国在"十四五"期间需要合理规划特殊教育经费发展格局,通过提升中西部地区特殊教育经费投入等措施,在促进特殊教育事业整体均衡发展的同时,推动我国特殊教育事业实现更加公平更高质量的发展。     

我国教育督导研究现状及发展态势——基于1990—2020年CNKI刊载文献的计量可视化分析

从文献计量学视角,运用书目共现分析系统Bicomb 2.0和可视化软件CiteSpace 5.7.R2,对1990—2020年CNKI数据库里中文核心期刊与CSSCI来源期刊的731篇论文进行计量可视化分析,绘制知识图谱,探析我国教育督导研究的现状与发展态势。结果表明:我国教育督导领域尚未形成广泛而紧密的合作网络,研究的主题集中在教育督导制度、问责、质量监测几个方面。今后应加强教育督导体制机制,教育评估监测方法和技术,职业教育专业质量监测等研究。     

推动地方高校与地方经济社会融合发展

地方高校生于地方、长于地方,为地方经济社会发展提供服务,在推动中国从人口大国向人力资源强国转变中具有独特的优势和作用。本文以泉州为例,探讨地方高校如何转型提升,加强与地方经济社会的协同发展,为我国经济社会建设提供不同层次、不同类型的人才保障。