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101.
102.
20世纪以来化学污染物导致的人类健康危害日益突出,数以万计的高生产量化学品伴随着生产和使用进入环境介质,给环境科学相关领域研究提出了若干新的科学问题。文章介绍了发现新型有机污染物研究方向设立的背景和科学意义,讨论了判别新型有机污染物分子结构、环境行为特征的基本原则,阐述了定量结构—性质关系模型预测、疑似目标/非目标分析、效应导向分析方法框架的技术思路和优势。对于新型有机污染物识别、行为和效应的深入探索,将为引领学科方向发展、完善化学品风险评估标准、揭示环境污染物的毒性和健康危害机制发挥重要的支撑作用。 相似文献
103.
本研究旨在探讨特质情绪智力与大学生射箭后即刻心率变异性(HRV)恢复反应的关联性。样本包括34名年龄在18至22岁之间的射箭初学者。第一,这些受试者要完成特质情绪智力量表。第二,他们在四分钟内从18米处向直径为80cm的靶子射出10支箭。第三,在4分钟的恢复期内测量受试者的心率变异性恢复的反应。在本研究中,心率变异性指标采用低频(LF)、高频(HF)和LF/HF比值。结果表明,情绪智力和心率变异性恢复反应之间有显著关系。包含情绪智力子维度的回归模型能够解释HRV频域参数的显著差异。此外,高情绪智力大学生的低频和高频功率高于低情绪智力的大学生,但LF/HF数值低于低情绪智力射箭运动员。综上所述,本研究观察到的结果表明,在严格的射箭训练之后,情绪智力可能会产生更多适应性的HRV恢复反应。 相似文献
104.
《Sport Management Review》2020,23(3):536-547
The identification and development of players in English professional football has become an increasingly significant topic of debate given the historical perceived underperformance of the English national team at international tournaments. To enhance understanding of the challenges and barriers experienced by English youth footballers, the authors explore the developmental experiences of English professional football players from different levels of the English football pyramid. Professional players (N = 11) from football clubs in the top four professional divisions in England took part in individual semi-structured interviews, which were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. The data revealed three interrelated themes that were perceived to mediate player identification and development pathways at professional clubs. Pathways for young players to progress and experience first-team competitive football differed when the level of the league that the players operated within was considered, with significant issues also raised relating to the suitability of the under 21 league structure, the importance attached to the educational welfare of young players, and variations in the identification of player attributes. This study sheds new light on the priorities and processes of talent development and education provision in English football. 相似文献
105.
买器 《河北体育学院学报》2020,34(3):37-41
运用文献资料法和逻辑分析法,以互动仪式链理论为视角,从文化资本互动与情感能量互动两方面对CBA球场暴力行为的发生机制进行研究。指出,赛前与赛中的互动仪式相互联系,赛前不良的互动仪式会将负向的情感能量带入比赛,使共享情感破裂,产生球场暴力现象。球员个体间情境互动会过渡到球队群际间,暴力行为会通过互动仪式链不断扩散到其他球队。比赛中双方都存在冲突性紧张,谁能抢占情感能量主导权谁就会在博弈中占据优势地位,处于压制的一方将转化为恐惧感。恐惧与冲突性紧张塑造了暴力情景,导致了球场暴力行为的发生。提出,应规范球员行为表现,防止球员暴力惯习的形成;加强球队球员间的沟通交流,修复断裂的互动仪式链条;注重裁判执裁能力建设,维持现场球队双方情感能量的平衡;营造有序的观赛环境,激发球迷潜在的道德情感。旨在为CBA健康有序发展提供建议与参考。 相似文献
106.
近年来,农村留守老人的数量日益增多。随着脱贫攻坚战进入下半场,农村留守老人的情感问题也逐步进入了社会公众的视野。农村留守老人的情感需求更多的体现在对子女孝敬自己的需求、受到他人尊重的需求、邻里之间日常的互相照顾、对扩大交际圈的需求、保持社会参与的需求。在脱贫攻坚战的背景下,大部分农村留守老人的物质生活条件有所提高,但依旧无法从根本上解决农村留守老人情感需求得不到满足的问题。 相似文献
107.
108.
Nikki Rommers Mireille Mostaert Lennert Goossens Roel Vaeyens Erik Witvrouw Matthieu Lenoir 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(2):196-203
This study investigated differences in generic and soccer specific motor coordination, as well as speed and agility depending on age and maturity in elite youth soccer players (U10-U15, N = 619). Measurements included body height, body weight and sitting height to estimate age at peak height velocity (APHV); three Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder subtests (i.e. jumping sideways (JS), moving sideways (MS), balancing backwards (BB)) to assess generic motor coordination; the UGent dribbling test for soccer specific motor coordination; a 5m/30m sprint and T-test for speed and agility, respectively. Age specific z-scores of the predicted APHV identified players as earlier, on time or later maturing. (M)ANOVA analyses showed significant age by maturity interaction effects for the speed and agility test cluster, revealing maturity related differences in U14 and U15 players. Next to an overall higher performance with age for all test clusters (η2 0.080–0.468), earlier maturing players outperformed their later maturing peers in 5m/30m sprinting. The opposite was seen for JS and BB. So, players’ maturity status should be taken into account to adequately value performance in talent identification. Also, the focus on characteristics that appear to be minimally biased by an earlier maturational timing (i.e. motor coordination) should be increased. 相似文献
109.
Senda Sammoud Alan Michael Nevill Yassine Negra Raja Bouguezzi Chaabene Helmi Younés Hachana 《Journal of sports sciences》2019,37(10):1162-1167
The purpose of this study was to estimate the optimal body size, limb-segment length, girth or breadth ratios for 100-m backstroke mean speed performance in young swimmers. Sixty-three young swimmers (boys [n = 30; age: 13.98 ± 0.58 years]; girls [n = 33; age: 13.02 ± 1.20 years]) participated in this study. To identify the optimal body size and body composition components associated with 100-m backstroke speed performance, we adopted a multiplicative allometric log-linear regression model, which was refined using backward elimination. The multiplicative allometric model exploring the association between 100-m backstroke mean speed performance and the different somatic measurements estimated that biological age, sitting height, leg length for the lower-limbs, and two girths (forearm and arm relaxed girth) are the key predictors. Stature and body mass did not contribute to the model, suggesting that the advantage of longer levers was limb-specific rather than a general whole-body advantage. In fact, it is only by adopting multiplicative allometric models that the abovementioned ratios could have been derived. These findings highlighted the importance of considering somatic characteristics of young backstroke swimmers and can help swimming coaches to classify their swimmers and enable them to suggest what might be the swimmers’ most appropriate stroke (talent identification). 相似文献
110.
随着社会进步与教育环境诸多变化,中小学体育运动会风险管理亟需实现积极安全态度与现代技术防范并举。基于新时期中小学体育运动会风险评估是含有多重判断的复杂体系,该文引入层次全息建模HHM风险识别分析工具,构建包括运动会本体、组织管理、人员素质、场地设施、环境5大类别24个层次全息子系统的适用中小学体育运动会风险识别的全息模型,重点阐释了"组织管理——人员"风险识别的主场景,并通过HHM全息框架的指标转换、推演与扩展,统计中小学体育运动会风险清单全息模型配对的发生数目,运用层次分析法和帕累托分析法进行量化和评级,为中小学体育运动会风险量化评估提供参考依据。 相似文献