中国国家安全情报学术史(1949—1999年):历史范式主导的情报论

[目的/意义]学科学术史梳理是一门学科理论研究中承前启后、有效整合理论资源的重要途径,对于揭示学科发展之来龙去脉、进展趋势,掌握学科发展全局具有重要意义。[方法/过程]通过对中华人民共和国成立以来公开出版的情报著述进行历时性梳理和分析,全面考察1949—1999年期间我国国家安全情报学术成果,归纳其发展脉络与演变特征。[结果/结论]1949—1999年间,我国国家安全情报学术史可分为"基于政治意识形态的批判研究、历史范式主导的描述性研究、国家安全情报学术研究转型"三个发展阶段,研究路径呈现"域外引进→域外研究→消化吸收"的发展脉络,研究内容表征为"零散史料→汇编史实→系统史论/理论"的演变轨迹。历史范式主导的情报史实描述是这一时期我国国家安全情报学术研究的主要特征,其理论成就集中于情报史梳理与情报理论体系建构,学科发展尚处于萌芽起步阶段,学理化进程缓慢。     

试论感情语调的超常韵律特征

感情语调具有情韵特征,能传递感情信息。通过用不同模式朗读相同文本,提取感情语调和中性语调的韵律特征并测听对比发现,感情语调的音高、音长、音强等某项或多项出现超常现象。实验表明:这是读者主观体验和因情求气获得了承载感情信息的气韵,也就取得了产生超常韵律的动能;再通过朗读形成的超常韵律特征,使听者感知和读者听觉反馈的心理、生理发生变化而接收到感情信息。感情语调的超常韵律就是情韵特征,因此声象和意象均可反复。研究还发现,在感情语调语意焦点重音边界以及短语或句末声断之后,有时进入感情状态的气韵还会继续延伸,所以声断气连会起到此时无声胜有声和余韵缭绕的效应。     

Emotional labour,burnout and job satisfaction in UK teachers: the role of workplace social support

Although teaching has been described as a profoundly emotional activity, little is known about the emotional demands faced by teachers or how this impacts on their well-being. This study examined relationships between ‘emotional labour’, burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment) and job satisfaction in a sample of UK teachers. Also examined was whether workplace social support moderated any relationships found between emotional labour and strain. The relationship between job experience and emotional labour was also investigated. Six hundred and twenty-eight teachers working in secondary schools in the UK completed questionnaires. Significant associations were observed between emotional labour and all outcomes, with a positive relationship found between emotional labour and personal accomplishment. Some evidence was found that social support mitigates the negative impact of emotional demands on emotional exhaustion, feelings of personal accomplishment and job satisfaction. More experienced teachers reported higher levels of emotional labour. Findings highlight the need for teacher-training programmes to raise awareness of the emotional demands of teaching and consider ways to enhance emotion regulation skills in experienced as well as recently qualified staff.     

Bullying and social support: variation by school-type and emotional or behavioural disturbances

The present study analysed whether bullying/victimisation and related social support vary by emotional and behavioural disturbances (EBD) as well as school type. We examined 540 German adolescents with and without emotional disturbances (ED)/behavioural disturbances (BD) attending regular and special schools for students with EBD. Adolescents with BD and co-morbid co-occurring emotional and behavioural disturbances (ED + BD) reported elevated levels of bullying, while students with ED and co-morbid ED + BD reported elevated levels of victimisation. Enhanced levels of overt victimisation were also found in adolescents from special schools. Students from special schools perceived less peer support but more teacher support. Furthermore, adolescents with co-morbid ED + BD were least likely to tell teachers about being victimised. It is concluded that bullying interventions for adolescents with EBD and students from special schools need to be implemented and evaluated.     

借鉴柯达伊教学法加强视唱教学中情感内觉体验

视唱教学可以提高学生的识谱能力,培养学生良好的乐感,使他们的音乐兴趣得以持续与发展,为他们进一步感受和学习音乐打下坚实的基础。     

英语教学中的情感教育

英语教学过程是认知过程与情感教育的统一。英语教学不仅是教授语言知识的过程,也是结合教学内容对学生进行情感教育的契机。情感教育在英语教学中具有重要意义,如何在英语教学中实施情感教育是一个值得探讨的问题。     

运用现代教育技术促进学生多元智能发展实践模式探究

当前风靡于世界的国际教育新理念——多元智能理论是一个较为完备的理论体系，该理论的内涵与我国目前正在倡导实施的素质教育有着密切的内在联系，是对素质教育的最好诠释。现代教育技术与多元智能发展之间也有着天然的、密切的关系，在促进多元智能发展方面具有多维多面的作用。积极探索运用现代教育技术促进多元智能发展的实践模式，它对于促进学生多元智能的发展，实施和推进素质教育具有直接的指导、整合和引领作用。     

“思想道德修养与法律基础”课教学中的情感教育模式探析

情感教育在大学生《思想道德修养与法律基础》(简称《基础》)课中具有非常重要而独特的作用,实施情感教育对教师提出了更高的要求,教师要不断地探索情感教育的新教学方法,以有效增强《基础》课的针对性和实效性。     

高校学生安全知识技能培养新视域探索——基于学生为主体的情感危机教育思考

高校学生安全主要是保障在校学生人身财产和生命安全等个体生存和发展的合法权益,高校学生的情感教育是高校通过特定的教育活动激发学生积极乐观向上的情感体验.当前高校学生情感危机呈现出情感孤独、情感空虚、情感焦虑和情感冷漠等特征,这些特征已经深刻影响到了学生个体的学习生活和生命安全,已经成为高校学生安全管理和素质教育面临的新问题.文章首先探讨了协同学原理在高校应用的可行性和契合性,并根据协同学的相关原理探索以学生为主体的高校、家长、学生、社会共建的高校学生情感危机教育协同体系,以期提供当前高校学生安全知识和技能培养的新路径.     

Organization of Concepts Relevant to Emotions and their Regulation During Test Taking

The purpose of this study was to assess aspects of college students' organization of concepts related to emotions and their regulation during test taking. The authors also evaluated whether students who report having problems with test anxiety hold a different conceptual organization about test taking compared with students who do not report having such problems. Concepts relevant to emotions and their regulation during test taking were sampled from the emotion and emotional regulation literature. Participants rated how similar these concepts were during test taking. These ratings were then submitted to multidimensional scaling analyses (MDS). The resulting arrangement of concepts provides insight into the underlying organizational conceptions held by low, moderate, and high test-anxious participants. Students' organizational schemes surrounded 2 dimensions: (a) task-focus and (b) pleasantness. High test-anxious participants had differing conceptual organizations about test taking than moderate and low test-anxious participants with regard to pleasantness. In addition, the high test-anxious participants saw task-focused processes such as reading directions during test taking as more highly related to unpleasant emotions like anxiety than moderate and low test-anxious participants.