以二氧化碳规模化利用技术为核心的碳减排方案

碳资源是人类社会发展进入工业时代的基石。人类大量使用含碳资源产生的二氧化碳(CO_2)不应给人类社会带来威胁,更不应是碳资源利用的终结者,而是人类实现可持续发展必须善加利用的资源。文章在国内CO_2利用技术研发取得了可喜进展的基础上,提出了几种未来可能适合于中国的以CO_2规模化利用技术为核心的碳减排方案,包括化石能源耦合CO_2的转化利用技术、零碳能源耦合CO_2的转化利用技术以及温和条件下CO_2直接转化利用技术等。基于我国能源消费结构、短中期化石能源的主导地位以及可再生能源日新月异的发展,化石能源的易获取性和低成本使得其耦合CO_2的转化利用技术方案近年来飞速发展,并可能将在近期带来巨大碳减排潜力和经济效益;零碳能源发电技术的突飞猛进有利于核能/可再生能源发电耦合CO_2生产燃料化学品技术的发展,成为中期最具竞争力的CO_2大规模利用技术;远期来说太阳能驱动的CO_2温和转化可以实现真正意义上的生态碳循环,是远期最有前景的CO_2还原技术。     

坡耕地资源开发利用与水土流失之困

土壤和水分是人类赖以生存的基本自然资源条件。由于不合理的环境资源开发利用和气候、地理条件原因,水土流失成为当前期待解决主要的环境问题之一,加强水土保持工作是我国环境保护的重要内容。客观的水土资源赋予造成我国耕地资源不足,人均少、东多西少等人地矛盾突出,坡耕地资源开发利用与农业成为必然,但传统粗放的坡耕地耕作已经形成十分严重的水土流失问题,合理开发利用坡耕地资源已经成为当前水土保持工作的重点之一。在对我国水土资源调研分析过程中,本文分析了坡耕地治理对于水土保持工作的重要性,我国坡耕地的现状,以及耕地造成水土流失的原因和解决坡耕地资源开发利用问题面临的困惑,提出解决坡耕地问题的一些措施和建议。     

走向现实的“纳米催化”

作为关键和核心技术,催化在能源、环境、农业以及人类健康等领域正发挥着越来越重要的作用。借助纳米科学和技术的发展和进步,以纳米体系的电子调制为理论基础,通过纳米层次对催化剂形貌的调变,高活性晶面定量设计和控制暴露得以实现;从理论上预示并实验验证了碳纳米管的“协同限域效应”和金属??氧化物的“界面限域效应”。根据大量的实验研究和理论分析,提出“纳米限域催化”的新概念,并在CO氧化、合成气定向转化和燃料电池相关的催化过程中得到了初步验证。     

合同能源管理绩效评价的理论模型构建与实证研究

学术上对于合同能源管理服务问题的研究主要是对其机制的研究,对合同能源管理服务绩效领域的实证研究相对来说比较少.为深入研究合同能源管理服务绩效的关键影响因素,并构建完善的合同能源管理服务绩效评价体系,本文根据可持续性科学(2.0版)思想,分析了合同能源管理服务绩效理论框架,提出了基于三重底线的服务绩效,多方利益相关主体满意度,合作满意度,过程管理效果,整体服务绩效之间关系的研究假设,构建了基于"压力(Pressure)-状态(State)-反映(Response)"(PSR)驱动力模型的合同能源管理对象,主体,过程三维绩效评价模型.同时基于上海地区109份有效调查问卷数据,采用结构方程模型实证检验理论模型所提出的15个研究假设.检验结果显示:合同能源管理服务主体中的节能服务公司,政府这两个主体的满意度与服务绩效之间研究假设没有通过检验,其他研究假设均通过检验.研究结果表明:①影响合同能源管理服务绩效各维度因素对整体服务绩效具有重要影响;②除了节能服务公司,政府这两个主体的满意度,其他核心利益相关主体满意度对合作满意度也具有重要影响;③节能服务公司满意度对合作满意度具有显著的消极影响.最后,基于上述研究结论,本文从过程管理,主体合作治理两个方面,为提升合同能源管理服务绩效提出对策建议.     

The regional disparities of China＇ s total - factor energy efficiency and energy technology

基于全要素生产理论,利用数据包络分析（DEA）方法构建非参数前沿,在共同前沿方法框架下分析比较2000-2007年中国全要素能源效率的区域差异,并利用＂技术缺口比率（TGR）＂定量考察中国区域能源利用的技术差距。结果表明：样本期间内中国全要素能源效率整体水平偏低,在全国共同前沿下的均值仅为0.688,维持既定经济产出的节能空间达到31.2%;从区域角度来看,中国能源技术存在显著差异,其中东部地区接近全国最优水平,样本期内TGR始终维持在0.95以上,而中、西部地区距离全国潜在最优能源技术还分别存在18.6%和26.6%的改进潜力,三大区域之间的能源技术差距有进一步扩大的危险。     

工业遗产保护的目标场景和规划策略--以九江动力机厂为例

借鉴场景理论,保护、展示和利用构成了工业遗产保护的核心议题和目标场景。首先,应基于工业文明的价值判定保护各类遗存,构建面向学者的保护场景;其次,应在保护基础上充分展示并系统阐述遗产价值,形成面向公众的展示场景;第三,应结合城市发展背景整体构思工业遗产的特色职能,形成面向消费者的利用场景。三者既各成体系、又相互支撑并相互协调。最后以九江动力机厂保护规划为实证案例,提出上述目标的具体规划策略。     

Removal of Organic Acids from Indoor Air in Museum Storage Rooms by Active and Passive Sorption Techniques

ABSTRACT

Adsorbent materials can be used for the removal of organic acids from air in storage rooms with heritage collections. The organic acid removal efficiency of two commercially available activated carbon air-filters were tested in situ in two unoccupied stores with densely packed collections. One filter was designed for outdoor type pollutants (Filter A), while the other was designed for organic acids in indoor air (Filter B). Furthermore, the acetic acid removal efficiency of a desiccant silica gel rotor used for dehumidification was measured in a laboratory at different relative humidity levels. Finally, passive removal of acetic acid by silica gel and unfired clay brick were tested in a chamber, and for clay brick at room level as well. Filter B had the highest removal efficiency. The removal efficiency of both filter types depended on the airflow and the filter performance varied considerably in situ from the values reported from standard laboratory tests. Increasing the filter airflow reduced the removal efficiency from 77% and down to 7% for Filter A, and from 92% to 24% for Filter B. There was almost no effect of active air filtration on the concentration of organic acids when this was measured in the middle and in the corner of the storage rooms away from the ventilation inlets. The desiccant dehumidifier removed 98–100% of the acetic acid from the air, independently of the relative humidity. The desiccant rotor will, however, only be running when there is a need for dehumidification and as a result will only periodically remove pollutants. The high acid removal efficiency by dry silica gel was furthermore demonstrated in a chamber test. A clay brick wall in a test room established a concentration gradient across the room and reduced the concentration of organic acids by 56% compared to close to the emission source.     

Cow's milk as a post-exercise recovery drink: implications for performance and health

Abstract

Post-exercise recovery is a multi-facetted process that will vary depending on the nature of the exercise, the time between exercise sessions and the goals of the exerciser. From a nutritional perspective, the main considerations are: (1) optimisation of muscle protein turnover; (2) glycogen resynthesis; (3) rehydration; (4) management of muscle soreness; (5) appropriate management of energy balance. Milk is approximately isotonic (osmolality of 280–290?mosmol/kg), and the mixture of high quality protein, carbohydrate, water and micronutrients (particularly sodium) make it uniquely suitable as a post-exercise recovery drink in many exercise scenarios. Research has shown that ingestion of milk post-exercise has the potential to beneficially impact both acute recovery and chronic training adaptation. Milk augments post-exercise muscle protein synthesis and rehydration, can contribute to post-exercise glycogen resynthesis, and attenuates post-exercise muscle soreness/function losses. For these aspects of recovery, milk is at least comparable and often out performs most commercially available recovery drinks, but is available at a fraction of the cost, making it a cheap and easy option to facilitate post-exercise recovery. Milk ingestion post-exercise has also been shown to attenuate subsequent energy intake and may lead to more favourable body composition changes with exercise training. This means that those exercising for weight management purposes might be able to beneficially influence post-exercise recovery, whilst maintaining the energy deficit created by exercise.     

关于《运动生物化学》ATP教学的若干问题的探讨

三磷酸腺苷(ATP)在生物体内能量的转移、贮存和利用中，处于一个关键的地位上。ATP的教学是《运动生物化学》教学中的一个重要环节。本文讨论ATP教学中常遇到的几个问题，诸如ATP的分子组成和分子结构式的教学要求，“高能磷酸键”概念以及ATP的形成方式及释能利用方式等问题，并谈谈自己的教学处理意见。     

运动性疲劳状态下线粒体功能改变及其原因

就线粒体氧化磷酸化生成ATP的基本功能，从运动后疲劳状态下，线粒体合成ATP速率和效率改变的角度，探讨了可能导致其变化的原因及其对运动能力的影响。研究运动中态4呼吸状态出现的原因可能有助于针对线粒体氧利用率降低的现象，找出有效提高人体运动能力的方法。