数字内容产业的自我规制研究

构建了包含政府、运营商、提供商和消费者等4个利益主体的自我规制体系.结果显示,运营商作为规制者,如果其曝光提供商不良行为的概率增加,提供商就需要向运营商输送更大的利益,从而合谋意愿降低;消费者投诉成本降低,虽然导致提供商向运营商输送的利益减少,但合谋行为被发现的概率增加,从而合谋意愿降低.串谋均衡时,运营商的边际监督激励低,高水平的欺诈不仅取决于低水平的监督,还取决于提供商的行贿成本.     

信息行为领域选择性暴露研究:视角、方法、动向

[目的/意义]选择性暴露在信息行为领域受到了新的关注,对其内容的梳理有利于丰富信息行为的相关研究,并提供新的研究视角。[研究设计/方法]以国内外会议、期刊发表的相关文献为研究对象,采用综合归纳法,梳理选择性暴露在信息行为领域的研究进展。[结论/发现]通过对研究方法和研究主题的分析,归纳了信息行为领域选择性暴露的研究方法,并从信息选择行为、信息获取行为、信息分享行为三个方面揭示了该主题的研究动向。[创新/价值]构建对于选择性暴露这一交叉学科概念的系统认知体系,总结现有研究成果并对未来研究进行展望。     

It all adds up: Addressing the roles of cumulative traumatic experiences on military veterans

BackgroundPosttraumatic stress symptoms are common after discharge from military service in male and female Post-9/11 veterans, many of whom experienced combat.ObjectiveThis is a study of the impacts of childhood and adult assaults are studied both separately and together on the level of posttraumatic stress symptoms in male and female Post-9/11 veterans (N = 850) after discharge from military service.Participants and settingThis cross-sectional secondary analysis uses data from the baseline interviews of the Survey of Experiences of Returning Veterans (SERV) cohort study.MethodsChildhood sexual and physical abuse, adult sexual and physical assault, and combat exposure were the main exposures of interest and the primary outcome measurement was the Posttraumatic Symptom Checklist-Civilian, assessing symptom severity post discharge from military service.ResultsOur sample reported high rates of childhood abuse, adult victimization, combat exposure, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Tested separately, models including different types of victimization had both unique (f² = 0.30) and cumulative (f² = 0.32) effects on severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms in male and female veterans.ConclusionsOur results underscore the importance of assessing childhood and adult trauma history in returning veterans in addition to traumas they experienced during their service. These findings highlight the importance of focusing on building resilience in our military servicemembers.     

Representation in the ruling ideas of Japan about Africa/ns/Blacks between 1984 and 2002

March 11th in 2011, mega earthquake attacked North-Eastern Japan. It damaged the nuclear power plant located in Fukushima and the reactors went to meltdown. It is the biggest nuclear disaster next to the tragedy of Chernobyl. People living under the radioactive rain have stood up to confront this catastrophe in a peculiar way. People have rushed to the street to make a protest against the electric company and the government for the their safety. Furthermore, people have begun to learn about radiation through books and also from the experience of A-bomb victims in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and to measure the radiation. People have become scientists for their survival. This people's movement of measuring have got wider and wider.     

Occult drug exposure in young children evaluated for physical abuse: An opportunity for intervention

BackgroundAlthough screening for drug exposure is an important consideration in the evaluation of suspected child maltreatment, limited data are available on the frequency of drug exposure in children with suspected physical abuse.ObjectiveTo examine occult drug and pharmaceutical exposure in young children with suspected physical abuse.Participants and settingChildren ages 2 weeks –59 months evaluated for physical abuse by a tertiary referral center Child Protection Team.MethodsCross-sectional study of young children diagnosed with high, intermediate, or low concern for physical abuse and tested for occult drug exposure from 2013-2017. Chart review was performed to determine adherence to recommended testing and drug test results with comparison between groups.ResultsOccult drug exposures were found in 5.1% (CI 3.6–7.8) of 453 children tested: 6.0% (CI 3.6–10.0) of 232 children with high concern for physical abuse, 5.0% (CI 2.7–9.3) of 179 children with intermediate concern, and 0% of 42 children with low concern. As adherence to protocol-based screening improved during the second half of the study, so did the overall rate of detection of occult drug exposures (7.9%, CI 5.2–11.9) in 252 children with intermediate or high concern for physical abuse. Most exposures were to cocaine, although non-prescribed pharmaceutical exposures were also detected.ConclusionsUp to 7.9% of young children suspected of being physically abused also had an occult drug exposure. Given the adverse health consequences associated with exposure to a drug-endangered environment, screening for occult drug exposure should be considered in the evaluation of young children with intermediate or high concern for physical abuse.     

外语学习起始年龄刍议

不同年龄群体的语言学习者在生理、心理和认知能力上存在着明显的差异,儿童、青少年和成人学习外语或二语时各有优势。儿童有习得外语或二语的潜能,最突出的是儿童能够习得具有目的语母语者一样的发音;青少年拥有较好的模仿能力、记忆力和敏感的超语言意识;而成人的记忆能力特别强,也很容易注意到语言的形式特征。我们可以期待儿童在玩中习得更多的外语,然而对成人而言,我们可以适度地使用抽象思维能力进行外语或二语学习。语言教师应当对所有因素进行考虑,并采取相应的教学方法。     

Amount,content and context of infant media exposure: a parental questionnaire and diary analysis

Recent research has indicated that there are long‐term consequences of early media exposure. This study examined the amount, content and context of television exposure across the infancy period in the USA. Parents of 308 infants aged 6–18 months completed questionnaires detailing parental attitudes regarding their children’s television use and 24‐hour television diaries to provide an accurate measurement of household television usage. Television exposure during infancy varied as a function of infant age, sibling status, socio‐economic status and parental attitudes toward television. Regression analyses indicated that parental attitudes were not associated with the amount of television exposure, but were associated with the content of television exposure. These findings indicate that television exposure changes rapidly across infancy and is associated with parental attitudes.     

不同低氧暴露对人红细胞硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶PeroxiredoxinⅡ的影响

目的:观察模拟高住组和间歇性低氧组经过四周低氧暴露后,人红细胞硫氧还蛋白过氧化物酶Peroxiredoxin2的变化。方法:男性大学生20名随机分成对照组、模拟高住组和间歇性低氧组,三组从事相同的身体活动、学习和生活作息,模拟高住组每天8hr低氧环境睡眠,间歇性低氧组每天安静状态吸低氧(浓度14%-10%)50-60min,连续4周。三组均在实验开始前、结束后按Bruce方案进行力竭运动,并在安静和运动后取血测试Prx2、MDA。在低氧训练实验开始前一天、实验的最后一天取血测定红细胞数目、血红蛋白及红细胞压积。结果:(1)一次性力竭运动后,Prx2的变化不大,而经过四周低氧暴露后,在完成力竭运动前,模拟高住组Prx2有升高趋势,在间歇性低氧组则达到显著性;力竭运动后,Prx2的升高在低氧组都达到了显著性;(2)力竭运动后,三组MDA明显增多,低氧暴露前后低氧组无明显变化;(3)低氧组都未观察到红细胞计数和压积、血红蛋白浓度的明显变化。结论:长时间低氧暴露可诱导Prx2的生成增多。     

汉文化起源辨析:考古学历史语言学的观点

在汉语史的研究中,有许多问题似乎都指向汉语的最初形成过程.近年来考古学的研究成果表明,华夏文明是一个多元混合而成的文明,汉语的形成也极有可能与此相类.夏商周不同源,其语言自然也不是同一种.但夏商周存在密切接触,其语言接触自然也存在.而周的来源还有北方胡狄成分.因此我们可以推想,汉语的形成曾是一个复杂的混合过程.     

耐候钢焊接接头锈层稳定化大气曝晒加速试验

利用锈层稳定化处理的耐候钢焊接接头,进行了大气曝晒(喷淋)加速试验,结果证明:经表面复合处理剂处理后的Q450NQR1耐候钢,腐蚀率显著降低,不仅提高了耐蚀性,而且也提高了抗局部腐蚀能力。经表面复合处理剂处理的焊接接头与非焊接样的腐蚀试验结果没有差别,说明表面复合处理剂适用于焊接接头的锈层稳定化处理。