试探"合作学习"在《体育与健康》教学中的运用

《体育与健康》课程标准的出台意味着该课程的全面转型,学习方式的转变是其核心问题之一。本文结合教学实际,揭示了在传统体育课教学中被忽视的合作学习的重要性,从不同角度分析了新课程实施合作学习的条件,并进一步提出了实施合作学习的要点。     

1950年代计划经济体制中国化的基本经验

改革开放历史起源之一是对计划经济体制在中国最初实践经验的思考和结合中国实际进行改革的初步尝试。1950年代,中国共产党人在推进社会主义改造和建立社会主义制度的同时,就提出、探讨了将苏联计划经济同中国具体实际相结合、建立中国式的社会主义经济体制这样一个历史课题。在实践中,中共提出了发挥中央和地方两个积极性、社会主义经济是计划性与多样性和灵活性的统一、三个主体与三个补充相结合等一系列思想,取得了丰富的经验。这些思想和经验成为中国特色社会主义兴起的重要基础。     

中国农村社区基本公共品供给的合作机制

从基本公共品类型与供给方式来看,农村社区基本公共品类型复杂多样、合作机制呈现多元主导格局;从筹资来源渠道来看,农村社区基本公共品资金来源渠道由传统单一型向多元筹资方式转变;从决策机制来看,农村社区基本公共品供给决策机制由传统威权型逐步向协商治理模式转向;从合作能力的影响因素来看,影响农村社区基本公共品合作供给能力的基本因素有利益关联度、集体经济实力、村委会权威水平、村民参与水平以及相关宏观政策五个主要方面。     

Arts education partnerships: sources of harmony and dissonance with cultural institutions’ collaborative efforts

ABSTRACT

Due to budget constraints, schools in the United States have increasingly turned to community arts organizations for support. School-community arts partnership stakeholders collaborate because of shared missions to provide students with valuable arts learning experiences. Investigations of these initiatives indicate that these partnerships improve arts learning opportunities and increase public support and resources for arts education. However, not much is known about the experiences and perspectives of the arts organizations that participate in these partnerships. Coordinating collective efforts with a multitude of institutions and interests poses challenges. In this study, we examine survey data collected from arts organization administrators who participated in a large-scale school-community arts partnership initiative. We find that these organizations are generally positive about their impacts on students’ educational outcomes, but there is substantial variation in these views. We also find that organizations differ in their levels of support for these collective efforts. Sources of this variation appear to be attributable to organizations’ preexisting resources and extent to which they are established. While this difference in levels of support is potentially inevitable, we find evidence that the operations handled by the “backbone” organization, i.e. the initiative’s facilitators and overseers, can significantly influence organizations’ levels of support for these efforts. Organizations are more likely to support these collaborative efforts when they believe the backbone organization ensures transparency with initiative operations, provides regular, effective communication, and effectively resolves competing priorities.     

“双‘三维一体’”协同教育观研究

"协同教育"是协同学理论在教育领域应用而形成的新的教育理论。"双‘三维一体’"协同教育是在整合"三维一体"协同教育优点,总结"三维一体"协同教育在实践过程中出现的不足和缺陷而形成的新的理论。"双‘三维一体’"协同教育强调纵向"三维一体"——学校、家庭、社会各系统教育力量的互相结合、协调统一,同时强调横向"三维一体"——哲学、科学、实践的结合、协调、同步,同时还强调纵向与横向"三维一体"的彼此融合、协调、协同发展。     

皖南二县五村农民收入与土地关系调查

利用皖南两县五村社会调查资料,分析各类农民家庭的经济状况及其在收入和生活水准上的差别;考察农民对土地承包权的态度及其影响因素。结果表明,官方有关农民收入的数据,存在着低估的可能;农户不愿意放弃土地承包权的占大多数,但是如果国家征收土地时满足农民的一定要求,他们仍愿意放弃或出让。     

Impacts of social economic status on higher education opportunity and graduate employment in China

Based on a nation-wide survey of higher education graduates, this paper analyzes the impact of family background, using paternal occupation and education as indicators, on their scores in the National College Entrance Examination, the level and type of higher education institutions they attend, their employment after graduation, and the income they receive from their first job. It has been found that there are wide disparities among students with different family backgrounds in both access to higher education and their potential employment in China nowadays. This paper also studies how those influences happen. __________ Translated from Peking University Education Review, 2005 July (3)     

关于深化国有资源有偿使用制度改革的理论初探

在粗放型的经济增长方式下，由于我们过多地运用了行政手段来管理经济，管理国有自然资源，导致国有自然资源一直是无偿或低廉使用的。随着我国经济增长方式的根本性转变，国有资产无偿使用制度的弊端已显现，一是导致国有自然资源的收益大量流失；二是导致国有资源配置无序和扭曲。因此，深化国有资源的有偿使用制度改革，对于维护国有资源的权益，加强资源开发者的经济责任，实现资源的最优配置，加速与国际通行做法的并轨，具有极为重要的现实意义，有广为实行之必要。     

论索洛经济增长模型

本文以最基本的经济公式为基础采用因素分析法和微积分法 ,分别通过对索洛公式和柯布———道格拉斯函数方程推导过程的分析 ,探讨了若干问题 ,并提出用索洛模型对国民经济和企业发展的增长方式进行计量的建议     

"文革"时期经济体制变动的逻辑嬗变

“革”时期经济体制的变动保持了放权改革的一般逻辑，但创设战备型的体制模型强化了计划的控制，限制了改革的进一步深入。“抓革命，促生产”的制度逻辑安排限定了体制变动的方式，歪曲了体制化观念，对中国的经济体制变动产生了消极的影响。解放体制观念，培育新的制度化，应是当务之急。