果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛是一种重要的生物质平台化合物,可以通过炭水化合物的脱水制备.制备了具有磺酸基的炭质固体酸催化剂,并研究制备方法,反应条件对果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛的影响.通过优化催化剂的制备和反应条件,5-羟甲基糠醛的产率可以达到80％以上.与此同时,作为催化剂的磺化炭的稳定性也得到了证实.与纯水相反应溶剂相比,这种两相反应体系不仅能提高5-羟甲基糠醛的产率,同时也有助于其有效分离,减少了环境危害.     

三醋酸甘油酯合成的热力学和动力学分析

采用Benson基团贡献法估算了三醋酸甘油酯的合成反应热．计算结果表明：该反应的焓变分别为ΔHf1＝－41．1 kJ/mol、ΔHf2＝－12．3 kJ/mol、ΔHf3＝－12．3 kJ/mol ,所得的计算结果与实验测定数据基本相符合．考察了在采水条件下温度对三醋酸甘油酯合成的影响,建立了拟一级反应动力学模型,结果表明,该模型能较好的拟合实验数据．     

不同破壁法对金银花中挥发油和绿原酸得率的影响

目的：探讨不同的破壁方法对金银花中挥发油和绿原酸提取的影响。方法采取温差破壁技术、酶法破壁、低温超音速气流破壁技术和低温高频振动破壁技术,以破壁率、挥发油和绿原酸的得率作为评价指标,筛选最佳破壁方法;比较最佳破壁方法提取挥发油和绿原酸与传统不破壁水提技术的提取效果。结果经过低温高频振动破壁后金银花的破壁率以及挥发油和绿原酸的得率最高;且与传统不破壁水提相比,挥发油得率提高了3倍,绿原酸提高将近1倍。结论植物破壁技术的应用,极大的提高了金银花资源的利用率,所得产品质量好。     

柴胡和红花提取液在盐酸介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用

采用索氏提取法分别从中草药柴胡和红花中提取了两种缓蚀剂,采用失重法和电化学法研究了两种缓蚀剂在0.1mol/L 盐酸介质中对碳钢缓蚀作用,比较了缓蚀剂不同浓度、温度和腐蚀浸泡时间等因素对碳钢缓蚀率的影响.结果表明,提取的两种缓蚀剂对碳钢都具有良好的缓蚀作用,从红花中提取的缓蚀剂缓蚀率为83.5%,极化曲线表明这两种缓蚀剂为混合抑制型缓蚀剂.     

非常规饲料玉米柠檬酸渣的开发利用

开发非常规饲料是缓解饲料资源不足、降低畜禽养殖成本、提高畜牧业经济效益的重要途径。玉米柠檬酸渣是柠檬酸生产企业副产品,含有丰富的营养物质,用作畜禽配合饲料原料有着很好的开发前景。文章对玉米柠檬酸渣饲料资源特点、营养特性、在动物生产中应用效果与研究现状、存在问题等进行了详细分析,并提出了开发利用时需要解决的问题。     

High-level soluble expression of the hemA gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus and comparative study of its enzymatic properties

The Rhodobacter capsulatus hemA gene, which encodes 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (ALAS), was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta (DE3) and the enzymatic properties of the purified recombinant ALAS (RC-ALAS) were studied. Compared with ALASs encoded by hemA genes from Agrobacterium radiobacter (AR-ALAS) and Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RS-ALAS), the specific activity of RC-ALAS reached 198.2 U/mg, which was about 31.2% and 69.5% higher than those of AR-ALAS (151.1 U/mg) and RS-ALAS (116.9 U/mg), respectively. The optimum pH values and temperatures of the three above mentioned enzymes were all pH 7.5 and 37 °C, respectively. Moreover, RC-ALAS was more sensitive to pH, while the other two were sensitive to temperature. The effects of metals, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the three ALASs were also investigated. The results indicate that they had the same effects on the activities of the three ALASs. SDS and metal ions such as Co²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cu²⁺ strongly inhibited the activities of the ALASs, while Mn²⁺ exerted slight inhibition, and K⁺, Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺, or EDTA had no significant effect. The specificity constant of succinyl coenzyme A [(k _cat/K _m)_S-CoA] of RC-ALAS was 1.4989, which was higher than those of AR-ALAS (0.7456) and RS-ALAS (1.1699), showing its high catalytic efficiency. The fed-batch fermentation was conducted using the recombinant strain containing the R. capsulatus hemA gene, and the yield of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) achieved was 8.8 g/L (67 mmol/L) under the appropriate conditions.     

Synthesis of Enriched 10B Boric Acid of Nuclear Grade

An economic and effective method of preparing enriched 10 B boric acid was established by chemical reaction of enriched 10BF3 and CaCO3. A process of boron trifluoride reacting with water was investigated under certain conditions. Calcium carbonate was selected to counteract hydrofluoric acid followed on. Some key operation factors were investigated, such as temperature, reaction time and the ratio of CaCO3 to 10BF3. The results showed that the yield of enriched 10 B boric acid could reach 97. 2% and the purity was up to 94. 1% under the following conditions: the temperature was 50—60,℃, the reaction time was 28 h and the ratio of CaCO3 to 10BF3 was 4. In addition, after recrystallization and titration analysis, the purity of the product could reach over 99. 2% from 94.1%.     

HPLC 测定不同产地茯苓中的茯苓酸含量

利用HPLC测定并比较全国各主要产地茯苓药材中茯苓酸含量.方法：采用waters symmetry C18（5μm,4.6×150mm）色谱柱,以乙腈和0.5%磷酸水溶液为流动相,分析测定了全国11个产地的茯苓药材中茯苓酸的含量.结果：在既定色谱条件下线性范围良好,该方法稳定性、重现性及茯苓酸加样回收率符合要求.鄂豫皖及云贵地区产地的茯苓药材茯苓酸含量高于其他产区,质量较好.结论：该方法准确、稳定,可为茯苓药材质量控制提供一定依据和科学保证.     

哌嗪的氨基酸缀合物的合成、表征及抑菌活性研究

哌嗪是化工生产的常用化合物,也是重要的医药中间体。近些年来,哌嗪类衍生物作为药物的研发引起了人们的广泛关注。本文以哌嗪为起始原料,将4种氨基被保护的氨基酸导入哌嗪的N-1和N-4位,再脱去保护基,合成了8种哌嗪的氨基酸缀合物,并通过IR和1H NMR对所合成的氨基酸缀合物进行了结构表征。然后对目标产物进行了野生型大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)抑菌活性测试。结果表明化合物PP-1a、PP-2a、PP-1b、PP-2b、PP-1c、PP-2c、PP-2d对Staphylococcus aureus具有一定的抑菌效果并且抑菌作用随化合物浓度的升高而增强。     

钯炭催化剂的制备与性能研究

用酸预处理的活性炭作载体制备Pd/C催化剂;用XRD、N2-物理吸脱附、TEM等方法进行催化剂的结构表征.在催化剂的性能研究中发现:催化剂的活性与载体活性炭的种类、预处理和制备方法有很大的关联性.经混合酸预处理的活性炭作载体制备的Pd/C在同时具有硝基与双键的4,4'-二硝基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸二钠的催化加氢制4,4'-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2'-二磺酸的反应中具有很好的选择性.