醋酸/水分离研究进展

醋酸是一种重要的化工原料，其水溶液广泛存在于各类工业过程中,由于醋酸／水体系的相对挥发度不大，生产中用于分离醋酸／水的普通精馏和共沸精馏工艺能耗较高，因此研究者和工业界都在寻求更好的分离方法,目前醋酸／水的分离方法有精馏法、萃取法、醋化法、中和法、吸附法、膜分离法等，其中有些方法已经工业化，具有成熟的生产工艺；有些则处于研究阶段,本文对这些方法的研究现状及应用前景进行了介绍和评述，提出了萃取精馏法将是一很有前途的分离方法。     

γ-辐射对α-亚麻酸氧化反应的影响

对α-亚麻酸及其乙酯分别在氧气气氛和氮气气氛下进行一定剂量的γ-辐射，每隔两天测定其过氧化值。研究结果表明：辐射剂量和时间对亚麻酸的过氧化值有较大影响，本文同时探讨了亚麻酸在γ-辐射下过氧化值与反应机制之间的内在联系。     

Glycoprotein components in the serum of patients with cancer breast

The levels of total sialic acid, lipid bound sialic acid and fucose were estimated in the sera of patients with benign and malignant tumours of breast. An increase was noted in all the three parameters, with a more marked increase in malignancy, when compared with benign and controls. Consequent to surgery, there was an elevation in the serum levels of the above parameters than the values prior to surgery and a decline was noted two months after surgery although none of the values reached the normal range. These results suggest a close association of the glycoproteins with the tumour burden and further signify their role in early detection and staging of cancer breast.     

酸活化对膨润土比表面积和孔径的影响研究

分别用质量分数为5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%的硫酸溶液对黑山膨润土进行酸化改性,用乙二醇乙醚吸附法和氮气吸附法对黑山膨润土及其酸化土的比表面积和孔体积进行分析。结果表明:膨润土酸化改性后,随着硫酸质量分数的增加,外表面积增加不明显,内表面积及总表面积减小;半径大于1nm的孔的体积明显增加,半径小于1nm的孔的体积逐渐减小直至为0。可见,本实验条件下膨润土酸化改性后性质的变化,并不是主要由表面积增加引起的,而是由有效孔(半径>1nm)的大量增加引起的。     

毛细管电泳法测定苹果中维生素含量

采用毛细管区带电泳法测定了5种苹果中维生素C和烟酸的含量。在20mmol/L硼砂和20%乙腈的混合缓冲体系(pH 8.5)中,两种维生素在15min内较好地得到分离。维生素C和烟酸的迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为5.43%和2.35%、6.24%和2.49%。质量浓度在0.007 81～1 000mg/L范围内线性相关系数分别为0.9964、0.9945。该方法简单、准确,可作为果实品质测定的一种方法。     

Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters, fatty acid compositions, and liver histology in Shaoxing laying ducks

The effects of different fatty acid (FA) contents in diet on serum parameters, FA compositions of eggs and meat, and liver morphological changes were studied in Shaoxing laying ducks. A total of 264 ducks at 17 weeks were fed a control diet or a diet containing 30 g/kg fish oil (FO), 25 g/kg sunflower oil (SO), or 30 g/kg palm oil with 20 g/kg beef tallow (PBO). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and the serum of ducks fed the PBO diet was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of ducks fed the other diets. Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were significantly lower (P<0.05) in ducks fed the FO diet. Serum TC also was lower in ducks fed the SO diet. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was also affected by diets. The contents of polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) in eggs and meat were significantly higher (P<0.001) in ducks fed the FO and SO diets than in ducks fed the control diet. The level of C22:6 (n-3) FA in ducks fed the FO diet was significantly higher than that in ducks fed the other diets. However, the conversion efficiency of the longer-chain C20:5 (n-3) FA was higher than that of C22:6 (n-3). Ducks fed the PBO diet exhibited lipid droplet accumulation in the liver. These results demonstrate that a diet enriched with different FAs has strong effects on serum lipid levels and the deposition of PUFAs into tissue lipids.     

Hyaluronic acid as a rescue therapy for trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis through Cox-2 and PGE2 in a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent way

We hypothesized whether systemic administration of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HMW HA) could rescue trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal. C3H/HeN mice and C3H/HeJ mice were used. Mice were divided into four groups: control, 50% ethanol treatment group, TNBS treatment group, and TNBS plus HA treatment group. The weight changes, clinical scores, macroscopic scores, and histological scores were recorded. Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox-2) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) expressions were measured both in colons and peritoneal macrophages from these mice. HA was a rescue therapy for the colitis induced by TNBS only in C3H/HeN mice. The clinical score, macroscopic score, and histological score were much lower in C3H/HeN mice receiving TNBS plus HA treatment. Cox-2 and PGE₂ expressions only increased in C3H/HeN mice. These Cox-2 expressing cells were macrophages. HA can also promote the production of Cox-2 and PGE₂ in peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeN mice. Our data demonstrated that HMW HA can rescue TNBS-induced colitis through inducing Cox-2 and PGE₂ expressions in a TLR4-dependent way. Macrophages may be the effector cells of HMW HA.     

Production of conjugated linoleic acids by Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from naturally fermented Chinese pickles

Naturally fermented pickles harbour many lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Forty-three LAB strains with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)-producing ability were isolated from three naturally fermented pickle brines. Of these isolates, lp15 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum by API 50 CHL system and full-length 16S rDNA sequence analysis exhibited the highest CLA-producing ability (26.1% conversion) at 48 h in de Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) broth in the presence of 100 μg/ml of linoleic acid (LA). Compared to other strains, L. plantarum strain lp15 showed the highest tolerance upon increased levels of LA in the medium, i.e., up to 600 μg/ml. This strain converted about 25% of LA into CLA isomers [predominantly cis-9, trans-11 CLA (9-CLA) and trans-10, cis-12 CLA (10-CLA)], of which 75% was 9-CLA. Interestingly, though the conversion rate of LA into CLA by lp15 remained stable between 100 to 600 μg/ml LA levels in the medium, it dropped sharply at 1000 μg/ml. Taken together, the lp15 strain displayed relatively high LA tolerance with higher conversion rate, which implies that this strain is a valuable candidate for enhancing the CLA content in food-sources like pickles.     

藜蒿绿原酸的提取及抗脂质过氧化作用研究

目的研究藜蒿绿原酸的提取工艺、含量和抗脂质过氧化作用.方法采用超声波辅助甲畔浸提法提取藜蒿绿原酸,紫外分光光度法测其含量,通过正交试验探索绿原酸的最佳提取工艺;以硫代巴比妥钠法研究绿原酸抗脂质过氧化作用.结果在最佳提取工艺(甲醇浓度75%、料液比1∶25、温度70℃、pH 3.0)下藜篙绿原酸的含量为0.98%;在0....     

小麦植酸含量的杂种优势和遗传力分析

选用4个材料亲本,按4×4NCⅡ完全双列杂交设计,配制了12个组合,对小麦植酸含量的杂种优势及其遗传力进行了研究。结果表明,偃展4110X淮麦20的中亲优势和超低亲优势最大,偃展4110×CN8081的中亲优势最小,CN8081×小偃986的超低亲优势最小;淮麦20的一般配合力效应值最大,小偃986的特殊配合力效应值最小;植酸的广义遗传力为85．9％,狭义遗传力为32．3％。