冯友兰新理学美学艺术论刍议

冯友兰在其哲学言述过程中,对艺术时有论及。他对艺术诸多问题的论述不仅涉及到艺术的一些重要问题,而且反映出冯友兰美学在学术立场上融合中西的价值取向,也构成其境界论的先导,表现在论艺术的＂文＂与＂质＂和艺术的功用两个方面。     

基于专利文本中产品关联关系的产业技术链构建与实证研究——以锂离子电池产业为例

[目的 /意义]构建完整、清晰的产业链是我国宏观调控产业战略的基础,其对于增强我国关键领域产业链、供应链自主可控能力具有重要意义。[方法 /过程]从专利数据出发,基于规则和语法挖掘专利文本中蕴含的产品关联关系,从而构建产业技术链中要素的上下位关系,并借助可视化软件和图数据库构建与存储产业技术链图谱。[结果 /结论 ]该方法可构建产业技术链结构,实现动态监测,及时发现产业链中的技术（产品）新动向。以锂离子电池为例实证该方法下的产业技术链构建效果,通过文献调研和专家意见,初步验证方法的可行性。该方法适用不同产业的产业链动态构建。     

Textual and graphical refutations: Effects on conceptual change learning

Refutation text is potentially more effective than standard text for conceptual change. Learning from text and graphic is also potentially superior to learning from text alone. In two studies, we investigated the effectiveness of both a refutation text and a refutation graphic for promoting high school students’ conceptual change learning about season change, as well as their metacognitive awareness of conceptual conflict and knowledge revision. In both studies, participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions: (1) standard text with standard graphic, (2) standard text with refutation graphic, (3) refutation text with standard graphic, or (4) refutation text with refutation graphic. Both studies had a pretest, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test design and involved students with an initial common misconception about the causes of season change. In Study 2, explicit relevance instructions to observe the important illustration were given to the participants. In both studies, refutation text with refutation graphic was not more beneficial than other instructional materials, either at immediate or delayed post-test. In Study 1, more stable conceptual change learning emerged in readers of the refutation text with standard graphic compared to readers in the control condition. In Study 2, readers of the standard text with refutation graphic performed as well as readers of the refutation text with standard graphic. In addition, more readers of the refutation text with either graphic showed metacognitive awareness of their knowledge change compared to readers in the control condition. Educational implications underline the importance of relevance instructions for guiding readers toward the graphic and of the design of text-graphic pairing to sustain knowledge revision.     

Adolescents’ epistemic profiles in the service of knowledge revision

Refutation texts have been previously shown to be effective at promoting knowledge revision. The current study builds on recent trends to gain deeper insights into how this learning advantage can be enhanced and extended to more learners. In particular, we examined whether distinct epistemic profiles can be discerned on the basis of individuals’ beliefs about justification for knowing (i.e., justification by authority, personal opinion, or multiple sources) in the natural sciences. Further, we designed refutation texts according to this trichotomous framework of epistemic justification. We tested whether profiles stronger in certain dimensions would attain higher learning scores over others and whether consistency between profiles and texts would confer a learning advantage compared to when these factors were inconsistent. Results showed that distinct epistemic profiles are discernable and a profile with stronger preference for justification by multiple sources, authority, and lower preference for justification by personal opinion in natural science attained higher learning scores. Further, higher learning scores were observed when refutation texts justified by authoritative explanations were consistent with one cluster dominant in preference for justification by authority. Theoretical and instructional design implications are discussed.     

When do students ask why? Examining the precursors and outcomes of causal search among first-year college students

It has been theorized that students are most likely to ask why following unexpected, negative, and/or important events (Weiner, 1985); however, the unique contribution of these precursors to causal search and the resultant cognitions, emotions, and behaviors remain largely unclear. In the current study we examined causal search regarding test outcomes among 371 first-year college students. Responses to hypothetical scenarios indicated that unexpected events, and unexpected/negative events in combination, would elicit the most causal search. Based on performance on an actual test, precursors measured prior to the test indicated negative test outcomes elicited the greatest causal search. Alternatively, precursors measured following the test indicated a similar pattern to the scenarios. In each instance, event importance was also found to positively predict casual search. Overall, the results suggest that the exclusion of relevant precursors, self-serving biases, and divergent methodologies may have resulted in the discrepancies of previous research on causal search precursors. Finally, students who engaged in more causal search made more ability, test difficulty, and luck attributions, fewer effort attributions, experienced less pride and more shame, guilt, regret, and anger, and received poorer grades. The internal/uncontrollable attributional pattern suggests that first-year college students who are at-risk of de-motivating cognitions, emotions, and behaviors could be supported with cognitive interventions such as attributional retraining.     

合同文本中的等值词对译策略

合同文本的语言有其自身的特点,并且合同翻译涉及语言以外的专业知识,特别是术语信息,其专业性和严密性决定了信息的准确传译必须基于文字的特殊语义内涵,依赖等值词汇、术语的精确对译。合同文本的这种对译策略要求译员做专业词汇方面的知识储备。建议建立合同翻译领域的数据库,这将会促进我国翻译事业的专业化、职业化进程。     

Dealing with conflicting or consistent medical information on the web: When expert information breeds laypersons' doubts about experts

The present study investigated how dealing with conflicting versus consistent medical information on the Web impacts on topic-specific and medicine-related epistemic beliefs as well as aspects of health decision making. One hundred mostly female university students were randomly assigned to three groups. Two intervention groups searched the Web for information on cholesterol to advise a fictitious friend about treatment. Pre-selected websites for these groups provided either conflicting or consistent information. The third group, the control group, did not conduct Web search. Results showed that the intervention groups differed in topic-specific epistemic beliefs. After the Web search, their medicine-related epistemic beliefs were more advanced while remaining unchanged in controls. The intervention groups also differed in some aspects of decision making.     

武威博物馆藏6746号西夏文佛经《圣胜慧到彼岸功德宝集偈》考释

在介绍武威市博物馆藏6746号西夏文《圣胜慧到彼岸功德宝集偈》的基础上,与武威出土的其他版本的西夏文《圣胜慧到彼岸功德宝集偈》做了比较,并在前贤研究基础之上论述了该件西夏文佛经的刊刻年代、翻译者以及翻译底本,最后就目前学术界在研究该佛经中出现的失误予以了纠正。     

青藏地区民族民间文学的文本传承

民间文学的传承,一般是集体大众口耳相传、口传心授的方式。由青藏地区各个民族所创作的民间文学,是中国民间文学的有机组成部分,除了与各民族口头传承的一般规律特点外,其文本传承有独特之处,当今的＂三套集成＂传承,汉文典籍和藏文典籍相对完整的传承,还有藏文纯文本的民间文学传承。     

V型图在大学英语语篇教学中的应用研究

将V型图具体应用在大学英语语篇教学中,试图探讨这种启发式工具在大学英语教学过程中所起到的促进作用,其目的在于增强师生的知识管理意识,提高教学质量,为学生的英语可持续发展能力的培养提供有效途径。