The fourth dimension: A motoric perspective on the anxiety–performance relationship

This article focuses on raising concern that anxiety–performance relationship theory has insufficiently catered for motoric issues during, primarily, closed and self-paced skill execution (e.g., long jump and javelin throw). Following a review of current theory, we address the under-consideration of motoric issues by extending the three-dimensional model put forward by Cheng, Hardy, and Markland (2009) (‘Toward a three-dimensional conceptualization of performance anxiety: Rationale and initial measurement development, Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 10, 271–278). This fourth dimension, termed skill establishment, comprises the level and consistency of movement automaticity together with a performer's confidence in this specific process, as providing a degree of robustness against negative anxiety effects. To exemplify this motoric influence, we then offer insight regarding current theories’ misrepresentation that a self-focus of attention toward an already well-learned skill always leads to a negative performance effect. In doing so, we draw upon applied literature to distinguish between positive and negative self-foci and suggest that on what and how a performer directs their attention is crucial to the interaction with skill establishment and, therefore, performance. Finally, implications for skill acquisition research are provided. Accordingly, we suggest a positive potential flow from applied/translational to fundamental/theory-generating research in sport which can serve to freshen and usefully redirect investigation into this long-considered but still insufficiently understood concept.     

黄宾虹山水画的笔墨价值

黄宾虹从笔墨中找到中国画发展创新的途径 ,穷其一生研究用笔用墨的方法规律 ,然而他透过笔墨的表面现象 ,看到了“笔墨精神”及笔墨精神所表达的自然生命节律与神韵之内美 ,这只是黄宾虹笔墨价值所昭示的一个方面。他绘画的全部内涵通过作品本身的笔墨建构来实现。它不靠诗文题跋的想象与补充 ,画就是画本身笔墨之间的种种构成关系 ,也就是从自然中悟得的种种感觉与内美。将绘画还原给“视觉器官”回归到艺术本体 ,可谓在董其昌之后对绘画本体的开拓作了又一次总结 ,从而将传统文人画推进到一个可与现代审美要求相衔接的新阶段 ,这对开启未来绘画创新有着重要意义。黄宾虹的笔墨价值还在于它在东方文化背景上不期然地与西方文化取得了某种“交汇” ,使中国绘画在自身演进中与西方现代绘画形成某种暗合 ,与西方抽象绘画有异曲同工之妙     

用Mathematica绘制几何图形

介绍了Mathematica在几种几何图形绘制中的应用,提出了获得空间旋转曲面的参数方程的一般方法,并给出了用Mathematica绘制空间旋转曲面的实例的源代码.     

从序时词语的基准看动意词语的着眼点

动词本身就具有时量属性,基准可以显现动词时量属性实现的语法,语义的规则。对“动－序组列”格式中动意词语作基准的着眼点的种类的分析,不仅可以揭示着眼点造成的岐义,而且有助于揭示动意词语的非基准用法,这除了说明动作有不同的着眼点外,还充实了起始点逆向漂移的类型,以此增强语用的解释力,更好地指导语言的运用。     

扁椭球面内铣刀半径的最大解

介绍了实际生产过程中加工内扁椭球面时,求算合适铣刀半径的问题,通过推导,给出了求算最大铣刀半径公式和推荐适当的系数,以便机床操作者和工程技术人员参考选用。     

社区教育:新成效·新认识·新经验

勃发于新世纪的我国社区教育,经过八年的推进,取得了明显的社会成效,升华了新形势下人们对社区教育的理性认识,产生出推进社区教育的宝贵经验。由于社区教育独具的特殊功能,它必然会对我国新世纪实现科学发展、构建和谐社会产生特殊的重要意义。     

关于泄洪洞水力设计中空蚀问题的探讨

首先介绍了空蚀破坏的原理以及发生空蚀破坏的条件，并分析了龙抬头式泄洪洞发生空蚀破坏的原因和易发生空蚀破坏的部位。最后，结合工程实例的实验结果，说明了发生空蚀破坏的主要原因是不平整度以及体型的不合理。     

基于三坐标测量的复杂曲面边界线的获取与构建

提出了利用三坐标测量机测量曲面边界线、获取曲面边界点数据和构建曲面边界线的方法。     

“尊重学生”的管理机制

为了使尊重学生的原则落到实处,需要教育管理制度的保证。为此,学校可以尝试在管理机制上进行改进,包括施行组织结构扁平化,内部顾客链和倒金字塔组织模式,双向闭合评价模式。为使这些管理机制有效发挥作用,学校应该从整个制度建设出发系统考虑。     

Experiences of Counselors‐as‐Clients in Counselor Education

Eight professional counselors who routinely role‐play as clients in 1 counselor education program participated in a focus group investigating their portrayal experiences. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis, which resulted in 3 superordinate themes: missions, influential factors, and repercussions. Findings reinforce instruction of idiographic and person‐centered care in counselor education.