运动性骨骼肌损伤时的某些组织学、生化学及力学变化

运动性骨骼肌损伤是:体育运动中非常普遍的现象,在出现肌肉延迟性疼痛的同时,伴有肌组织结构和功能及血液生化成分的改变,表现为细胞肿胀、肌力下降、血中肌肉酶活性升高等等。研究发现肌组织的这种结构与功能的变化是暂时的,它可随运动员对某一运动形式,负荷的适应而逐渐消失。运动性骨骼肌损伤的诱发机理并不十分明了,目前认为很可能与肌组织的机械应激有关。     

基于SPCE061A智能磁性液体表观密度仪控制系统

介绍以SPCE061A单片机为控制器的磁性液体表观密度仪控制系统,用以满足工业设计中复杂的数据采集需要。该系统由SPCE061A单片机控制,通过力敏传感器单元与PC系统通信,设计数据处理方法并编写相应的计算程序和交互式的窗体界面,用户可根据实际测量要求对实测软件进行设置,从而实现对实验数据读取、处理和曲线绘制、显示、打印、保存等功能。同时,用户可远程登录计算机,进入系统设置实测软件,远程进行数据采集,并能得到实时的采集结果,故系统具有扩展性。该系统控制简单、成本低,适用于教学和科研中的数据采集。     

A method of providing accurate velocity feedback of performance on an instrumented kayak ergometer

On a kayak ergometer, an accurate simulation of the athlete-paddle-kayak system kinematics is essential for analysing the relationship between technique and performance. The purpose of this study was to establish a strong relationship between performances on flatwater and performances on an ergometer by means of propulsive force measurement and drag models. Two trials were performed by 12 kayakers in which they were first timed over 250 m of flatwater kayaking (the reference test) and were then asked to perform a trial of the same duration on the ergometer with the same perceived physical exertion. Three techniques for measuring propulsive force and three drag models generated nine combinations, which were all evaluated for their ability to estimate kayak velocity. For each combination, the distance covered by the athlete on the ergometer was simulated. A kayakers’ ergometer ranking was based on the average velocity in the ergometer trial. Both distance and ranking were compared to the on-water results. The simulation with the best combination of force measurement and drag model gave an accurate estimate of distance (253 ± 10.5 vs. 250 m) and ranking compared to the reference test.     

负重振动练习与超等长练习对篮球运动员下肢力量影响的对比实验研究

利用K islter测力台,运用对比实验的方法,将一种新的负重振动力量训练法与超等长跳深练习法进行实验研究,发现两种方法对影响篮球运动员下肢力量有着不同的特点,并运用运动生理和生物力学知识进行了相应的分析和判断。     

论人与自然和谐发展

人与自然和谐发展是当今世界一个值得研究的题目。要使人与自然和谐发展，不仅要重视人的作用，也必须重视自然的作用；不仅要征服改造自然，也必须保护自然，提高人们对保护自然的认识；还要正确认识和处理人与自然的关系。     

Relationships between highly skilled golfers’ clubhead velocity and force producing capabilities during vertical jumps and an isometric mid-thigh pull

Whilst previous research has highlighted significant relationships between golfers’ clubhead velocity (CHV) and their vertical jump height and maximum strength, these field-based protocols were unable to measure the actual vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) variables that may correlate to performance. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and drop jump (DJ) vGRF variables and CHV in highly skilled golfers. Twenty-seven male category 1 golfers performed IMTP, CMJ, SJ and DJ on a dual force platform. The vertical jumps were used to measure positive impulse during different stretch-shortening cycle velocities, with the IMTP assessing peak force (PF) and rate of force development (RFD). Clubhead velocity was measured using a TrackMan launch monitor at a golf driving range. Pearsons correlation coefficient analyses revealed significant relationships between peak CHV and CMJ positive impulse (r = 0.788, p < 0.001), SJ positive impulse (r = 0.692; p < 0.001), DJ positive impulse (r = 0.561, p < 0.01), PF (r = 0.482, p < 0.01), RFD from 0–150 ms (r = 0.343, p < 0.05) and RFD from 0–200 ms (r = 0.398, p < 0.05). The findings from this investigation indicate strong relationships between vertical ground reaction force variables and clubhead velocity.     

论带电体的力密度问题

本文阐明公式的物理意义，并说明总场在计算带电体力密度时所起的作用，同时讨论了带电面上的场强．     

不对称型氧化还原反应进行完全的条件及影响因素

以能斯特方程为基础,推导出不对称型氧化还原反应进行完全的判别式,并进一步探讨了影响该类反应进行完全的相关因素．对于给定的反应,主要受条件电动势和反应物浓度的影响．对主体物质微粒数减少的反应,宜在较高浓度下进行;反之,则宜在较低浓度下进行．     

广东田径竞技后备人才现状及发展对策研究

主要运用文献、访问、问卷、数理统计等研究方法，从社会学角度，对运动员、教练员、训练与科研、竞赛、“体教结合”、经费设施等方面进行调查，分析后备人才培养的现状及存在问题，并提出相应对策，旨在促进广东田径运动的持续发展。     

Effects of load on ground reaction force and lower limb kinematics during concentric squats

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of external load on vertical ground reaction force, and linear and angular kinematics, during squats. Eight males aged 22.1?±?0.8 years performed maximal concentric squats using loads ranging from 7 to 70% of one-repetition maximum on a force plate while linear barbell velocity and the angular kinematics of the hip, knee and ankle were recorded. Maximum, average and angle-specific values were recorded. The ground reaction force ranged from 1.67?±?0.20 to 3.21?±?0.29 times body weight and increased significantly as external load increased (P?<?0.05). Bar linear velocity ranged from 0.54?±?0.11 to 2.50?±?0.50?m?·?s^?1 and decreased significantly with increasing external load (P?<?0.05). Hip, knee and ankle angles at maximum ground reaction force were affected by external load (P?<?0.05). The force?–?barbell velocity curves were fitted using linear models with coefficients (r ²) ranging from 0.59 to 0.96. The results suggest that maximal force exertion during squat exercises is not achieved at the same position of the lower body as external load is increased. In contrast, joint velocity coordination does not change as load is increased. The force?–?velocity relationship was linear and independent from the set of data used for its determination.