晚清“就地筹款”的演变与特征

"就地筹款"是晚清政府所推行的一项重要的财政措施和政策。它萌发于太平天国时期,定制于甲午战后,直至清朝覆亡。造成"就地筹款"生成变化的缘由颇为复杂,其特征也较为鲜明,"因事而筹"的目的和为解决财政困难而去解决财政困难的实质固然使其在暂缓清王朝财政崩溃方面起到了一定的积极作用,但另一面它也加速了清王朝贫困化的历史进程。它最终成了附着在清王朝身上的一道催命符。     

Challenging fundraising,challenging inequity: contextual constraints on advocacy groups’ policy influence

School fundraising is known to reproduce inequities in schools, yet it remains common practice in Ontario, Canada; findings from a critical policy analysis of an advocacy group’s efforts to change fundraising policy help explain why this is the case. Adopting a discursive understanding of policy, the study used rhetorical analysis to identify how the group has engaged in a decades-long struggle over the meaning of fundraising policy. The findings of the rhetorical analysis were examined in light of an historical narrative of Ontario’s social context to understand how the policy’s contexts have constrained the group’s influence. The study’s findings demonstrate that challenging school fundraising by defining the policy as a problem of equity is not strong enough to overcome neoliberalism’s pressure on parents to provide their children with educational advantages, a trend toward privatization in public education, neoconservative interests in reduced government spending, Canadians’ belief in meritocracy, and historical fundraising practices and dominant meanings. Further, the continuance of school fundraising even after Ontario’s government introduced policy that explicitly addressed the group’s concerns about equity and aimed to limit the practice challenges traditional notional of group influence and success in policy processes.     

美国公立大学发展新理念与筹资战略有效性研究——以印第安纳大学为例

资金是大学持续性发展的基础和保障,是大学发展理念现实化的物质条件。而资金的筹集有赖于理念的指引。近几年美国印第安纳大学筹资活动正是在其新的发展理念指引下取得了连年非凡的业绩,形成了一套有效的多元化筹资战略,主要体现在互动的筹资系统以及促进校友成长的筹资策略方面。筹资的出发点是大学的发展目标,筹资成功的关键是其有效性。筹资所取得的成果促进了印第安纳大学新理念的实现。     

美国大学募捐策略研究

大学的募捐成效与其募捐策略紧密相关。作为世界上高等教育捐赠制度最发达、捐赠成效最显著的国家,美国高等学校经常采用哪些募捐策略,这些募捐策略有什么特点和优势,为什么能够在募捐实践中产生理想的效果,本文对这些问题进行了研究,以期为我国高等学校提供相应的借鉴与参照。