Cognitive apprehension in visual pattern generalization problems / Aprehensión cognitiva en problemas de generalización de patrones visuales

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify cognitive apprehensions used by fifth- and sixth-grade students (10–12-year-olds) when answering far generalization questions in two problems of visual pattern generalization. A total of 81 students solved two linear generalizing problems, presented in two different configurations, in a succession of figures (square tables or trapezoid tables). The results showed that students used different types of cognitive apprehensions to solve problems and that these apprehensions sometimes changed according to the configuration of the sequence of figures. This finding indicates that configurations could determine apprehensions used by students, which in some cases led to the emergence of algebraic thinking. In addition, difficulties in modifying apprehension and a lack of coordination between spatial and numerical structures could explain some students’ difficulties in far generalization.     

泰勒定理的推广

从泰勒定理余项的积分表示法推证泰勒定理的推广.     

“然后”的语法化及其认知机制

“然后”在先秦就高度词汇化,由表条件关系发展为表顺承关系,并虚化出表事理顺序及非顺序关联功能。现代汉语中,“然后”功能发生泛化。由表客观顺承发展成表主观顺序,再泛化成话语标记,最后虚化成话语助势成分。“然后”语法化的形成机制来自心理扫描。由客观扫描到主观虚拟扫描,构成心理扫描链;语义由纯客观性发展成纯主观性,功能由表实体关系到话语无义标记。     

多元——现实主义的泛化

现实主义在经历了当代文学近60年的演变之后,表现出多元发展的泛化特征,同时这一时代特征正是现实主义迈向广阔道路的显著标志。     

地图要素间空间关系在综合过程中的变化规律研究

以制图综合中保持不同抽象层次上空间关系一致性为目的,对综合场景中的空间关系进行了定义与判别描述,按照制图规范确定出采用综合算子的综合条件,研究并总结了地形图中主要要素间空间关系在抽象过程中的变化规律。     

编辑与思维规律浅析

作为精神产品的加工者和出品者，编辑是有与其职务相应的思维方式和思维规律的，研究编辑思维规律的一般性和特殊性可以使人们更加了解编辑的劳动价值。     

中级阶段留学生双宾语句式的学习难度顺序与偏误分析

以汉语中介语语料库(ILC-CORPUS)中级阶段语料为基础,将双宾句式分为三大类五小类,对其使用情况进行了考察与分析,在此基础上确定了双宾语句式小类的学习难度顺序:"V+代词(虚指)+O""V+给+O1+O2""V+O1+O2(给予类)""V+O1+O2(等同类)""V+O1+O2(取得类)"。通过与母语使用者的对比,发现留学生更倾向于使用给予类的双宾语句式,存在泛化的倾向。最后,将我们的统计和分析结果与教材的编写、对外汉语教学结合起来,以期为汉语双宾语句式的教学提供更有针对性的参考。     

形容词AABB重叠式的泛化特点及动因

形容词重叠式AABB是一个开放的类,近年来,可运用此模式进行重叠的形容词数量不断增长.通过语料库检索发现：新出现的、使用频率低的AABB重叠式,具有表示一元状态义、基式多为联合并列结构、能够凸显事物性状等特点,符合形容词AABB重叠形式的一般发展路径.其泛化的主要动因即：凸显事物的性状和强调事物的性质量,增强言语的生动性以及使句子取得对称平衡美感.     

On Generalization and Variation Theory

The variation theory developed by Marton has quickly become popular as a framework for providing guidance for making learning possible. However, the epistemological assumption behind the theory is often accepted without critical scrutiny. This paper poses an apparent problem of the possible occurrence of learning in the situation of generalization, where one aspect is kept invariant, while other aspects vary. Eventually some of the learners can learn the invariant aspect. However, variation theory entails that the experience of variation in an aspect is necessary for learners to discern that aspect. How then is it possible for the learners in a situation of generalization to fully discern the invariant aspect? Through scrutinizing the epistemological assumption, I hope to foster discussion toward further improvement of the theory.     

平利方言中的父母称谓词

陕西平利方言内部存在着复杂的父母称谓系统,多种称谓方式并存。本文将从称谓泛化、面称和背称等多个角度来分析平利方言父母称谓词的特点,并试图从语言的内部因素和外部因素这两个方面来解释多元化并存的原因。