Exploiting structural information for semi-structured document categorization

This paper examines several different approaches to exploiting structural information in semi-structured document categorization. The methods under consideration are designed for categorization of documents consisting of a collection of fields, or arbitrary tree-structured documents that can be adequately modeled with such a flat structure. The approaches range from trivial modifications of text modeling to more elaborate schemes, specifically tailored to structured documents. We combine these methods with three different text classification algorithms and evaluate their performance on four standard datasets containing different types of semi-structured documents. The best results were obtained with stacking, an approach in which predictions based on different structural components are combined by a meta classifier. A further improvement of this method is achieved by including the flat text model in the final prediction.     

社会主义市场经济条件下的宗教影响及原因探析

随着社会主义市场经济及科学的发展,宗教不但没有削弱,反而以与时代相适应的方式不断地发展着.宗教的影响力有所扩大,人数增加快、幅度大,宗教信徒的总体素质也在提高.本文在思考这些现象的基础上,从社会异己力量的存在以及宗教自身的世俗化这样内外两个方面作了浅要的分析,并得到了一些探索性启示.     

高维Neuberg-Pedoe不等式的再推广

用初等简洁的方法证明了一个比已有结果更加广泛的分析不等式:设k,n∈N,μ>0,xi>0,i=1,…,n,且∑ni=1xi=λ,则当k≤n-μ+1时有,Ekλx1-μ,…,λxn-μ≥nk(n-μ)k,等号成立当且仅当x1=…=xn=λn.     

Item difficulty in the evaluation of computer-based instruction: an example from neuroanatomy

This article reports large item effects in a study of computer-based learning of neuroanatomy. Outcome measures of the efficiency of learning, transfer of learning, and generalization of knowledge diverged by a wide margin across test items, with certain sets of items emerging as particularly difficult to master. In addition, the outcomes of comparisons between instructional methods changed with the difficulty of the items to be learned. More challenging items better differentiated between instructional methods. This set of results is important for two reasons. First, it suggests that instruction may be more efficient if sets of consistently difficult items are the targets of instructional methods particularly suited to them. Second, there is wide variation in the published literature regarding the outcomes of empirical evaluations of computer-based instruction. As a consequence, many questions arise as to the factors that may affect such evaluations. The present article demonstrates that the level of challenge in the material that is presented to learners is an important factor to consider in the evaluation of a computer-based instructional system.     

消费社会中的审美泛化问题与美学策略

随着文化工业的发展和消费社会的形成,日常生活审美化的现象逐渐加深.但是,由于在这种背景下审美对象更多地表现为影像与符号,形成了审美泛化的现象,导致了普遍性的审美失落,从而使人们的心灵无处安顿.面对这种状况,我们应该积极地以形式为基础进行多种方式的审美建构,可以在观看消费文化中的符号影像时保持一种无利害性的态度,可以通过...