农村民间组织与村民自治的关联性分析

近年来,随着社会主义新农村建设的进行以及农村民间组织的发展壮大,农村民间组织逐渐成为村民自治的主体之一,在农村发挥的作用日益明显,受到了党和政府以及相关学者的关注和重视。该文通过对公民社会理论以及市场失灵和政府失灵理论的研究,试图寻找农村民间组织对村民自治产生作用的合理性基础,同时分析农村民间组织对村民自治各个环节产生影响的内在机理,为实证层面上研究农村民间组织对村民自治产生影响提供理论依据。     

中国农村初级卫生保健供给失灵与对策

农村初级卫生保健是农村居民应该享有的基本卫生保健服务,提供可及性的初级卫生保健是政府的职责。尽管以新农合为基础的农村医疗保健服务体系已经在全国推广,但是由于医疗资源配置的不均衡,重治轻防,个人负担比例过高等导致供给失灵,影响了农村居民的健康改善。通过加大政府投入．提高政府在卫生费用中的比例,改善农村医疗条件和提高医务人员素质,建设健康的生态环境．加强卫生部门和其他部门的协作,建立国家健康委员会,制定体现健康的公共政策．把健康纳入政绩考核指标,有助于纠正农村初级卫生保健供给失灵。     

上海发展新能源产业的几点建议

按照上海市发展新能源产业的政策目标,基于对相关开发区和企业的调研,以价格理论为基本理论支撑,本文试图为上海进一步发展新能源产业提出几点建议,着眼于解决这一特定问题的市场失灵和政策效率。     

Effect of the level of effort during resistance training on intraocular pressure

Background: We aimed to evaluate the influence of the level of effort during four basic resistance exercises leading to muscular failure on intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion (OPP), as well as the role of exercise type and sex. Methods: Twenty-five young adults (12 women) performed 10 repetitions against their 10-RM (repetition maximum) load in the squat, military press, biceps curl and calf raise exercises. IOP was measured before, during and after exercise, whereas OPP was indirectly assessed before and after each exercise. Results: There was a progressive IOP rise during exercise (p?η²?=?0.531), which was dependent on exercise type (p?=?0.020, η²?=?0.125). The squat exercise induced higher IOP increments in comparison to the other exercises (corrected p-values?p-values?=?0.012 and 0.002). OPP exhibited a significant reduction when leading to muscular failure (p?=?0.001, η²?=?0.364), being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises (corrected p-values?=?0.037 and 0.047). No effect of sex was found for IOP and OPP (p?>?0.05). Conclusions: A single set of resistance training leading to muscular failure causes an instantaneous and progressive IOP rise in healthy young individuals. These IOP rises depend on exercise type (squat?>?military press?=?biceps curl?>?calf raise), but not on participant´s sex. OPP diminished as a consequence of performing resistance training exercise, being statistically significant for the squat and military press exercises. Future studies should include glaucoma patients aiming to corroborate the generalizability of our findings.     

岩石类介质的非线性动力损伤有限元模型

运用连续损伤力学的概念把损伤变量引入岩石类介质的非线性本构模型．分别建立了脆性动力损伤模型和弹粘塑性动力损伤模型。模型中将损伤、渗流及孔隙率演化相互耦合的有效应力概念引入Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则,对传统的莫尔-库仑破坏准则进行修改,给出莫尔-库仑损伤破坏准则。分别对上述两种损伤模型编制了相应的有限元程序。应用上述的理论模型对建于岩石基础上的混凝土重力坝在地震荷载作用下各向同性损伤-破坏的问题分别进行了两种不同动力损伤模型的非线性数值分析。     

科学失误的潜科学分析

首次给出对科学失误进行潜科学分析的方法,并从理论上分析杰出物理学家产生失误的各种原因,探讨了失败与成功的关系、如何确立科学的成败现以及失败的潜科学价值．     

失败学原理在工程安全管理及危机预警中的应用

失败学是在管理学科中孕育并分化出的一个分支学科,近年来开始受到人们的关注。本文依据失败学原理,运用失败树分析法,对某建设项目深基坑支护工程失败原因进行了分析,给出了失败树的逻辑图形,把失败路径、失败过程、主要风险因素及风险控制条件清晰地表达出来,进而对工程项目施工进行安全预警。失败树分析法在对工程项目安全管理、企业经营风险分析和社会危机管理方面有着良好的应用前景。     

Sex differences in secondary school achievement – The contribution of self-perceived abilities and fear of failure

While previous studies demonstrated the existence of a ‘gender gap’, according to which girls outperform boys in their scholastic achievement, the reason for these differences is yet unclear. We used structural equation analyses and multiple-group comparisons to determine sex-specific influences of self-reported motivational variables (domain-specific self-perceived abilities, fear of failure) on teacher-reported mid-term school grades of 140 boys (M_age = 10.9) and 185 girls (M_age = 10.8) from Germany. Our results suggest that the gender gap derives at least partly from sex differences in the contribution of these motivational variables to children's performance in school: Regarding German, girls' level of self-perceived abilities was higher and also more relevant for their performance. Moreover, higher levels of fear of failure led to worse Math grades only for girls, suggesting the presence of gender-stereotypic beliefs. Further research should investigate the impact of additional constructs, e.g., gender-stereotype awareness, self-regulation.     

对第16届亚运会中国男排失利的解析

通过对第16届亚运会男排相关数据及技术统计,分析中国队、伊朗队、日本队的身高、扣球、拦网高度等基本情况,并对扣球、拦网、发球等得技术失分情况进行对比分析,找出中国男排主要失利因素,为今后的训练比赛提供一定的参考和依据。     

陶瓷球栅阵列封装的三维有限元分析

为有效准确地模拟和预测陶瓷球栅阵列(Ceramic Ball Grid Array,CBGA)在复杂热载荷下的失效问题,建立一种整体与局部相结合的CBGA三维有限元分析方法.该方法主要由4部分组成:预测复合焊点三维结构;计算其等效焊点几何参数以及材料属性;用等效焊点替换真实复合焊点并预测最危险焊点位置;用真实焊点模型替换最危险位置的等效焊点,再进行总体分析得到真实焊点中最危险点的位置.采用MSC Patran对XILINX公司生产的FF1152进行有限元建模,并通过Marc分析其复合焊点在0～100℃热循环下的应力应变以及塑性能量密度.分析结果可确定最危险焊点以及该焊点中最容易失效的位置,与许多已有的实验结果相一致.