技术创新与战略技术联盟——我国中小企业增强R&D能力的分析

创新是工业企业持续增长的关键 ,而创新的动力来自于企业的R&D能力。本文首先分析了中小企业R&D活动的特点 ,通过考察美国半导体制造技术战略联盟Sematech ,提出 ,应鼓励我国的中小企业与科研机构及大学之间建立战略技术联盟 ,以提高中小企业的R&D能力 ,进而企业的技术和产品竞争力     

Australian Framework for the Commercialisation of University Scientific Research

Abstract

Australia spends proportionally more on university R&D, particularly when compared with business expenditure on R&D, than almost any other advanced economy, which suggests that creating the right environment to encourage the commercialisation of Australian university research results is vital if Australia is to obtain the best economic results from its investment. In this paper a meta‐analysis is used to review literature from various sources available on the broad environment in which university research commercialisation is conducted in Australia in order to identify the key components of the environment and where change may encourage or promote better commercialisation outcomes.     

Does R&D performance decline with firm size?—A re-examination in terms of elasticity

There have been many previous studies exploring the relationship between R&D performance and firm size; however, to our knowledge, this issue has never been examined in terms of R&D output elasticity. This paper therefore sets out to re-examine the relationship of the two variables using R&D output elasticity as a measure of R&D performance. A total of 126 manufacturing firms, listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange over the period from 1994 to 2000, are taken as the analytical sample. One practical consideration for choosing these particular firms is the relative abundance of data available for the variables for a longitudinal investigation. The estimates suggest that there is an approximating ‘U-type’ relationship between R&D productivity and firm size. This finding suggests that both large and small firms have higher R&D productivity, and even when the sample is divided into the high-tech and traditional sectors, such a finding still holds. Therefore, in contrast to the prior studies, this study shows that size offers advantage in R&D performance.     

Determinants of R&D cooperation in Japanese start-ups

This paper explores the determinants of R&D cooperation in Japanese start-ups. Using a sample from an original survey conducted in 2008, we examine the effects of founder-, firm-, and industry-specific characteristics on R&D cooperation by type of partners. Our findings indicate that founder-specific characteristics such as educational background, prior innovation output, and affiliation to academic associations are fairly important in determining R&D cooperation with academic institutes (universities and public research institutes). We also provide evidence that founders’ prior innovation output and work experience have positive and significant effects on R&D cooperation with business partners. With respect to firm-specific characteristics, it is found that firms investing more in R&D tend to engage in R&D cooperation, regardless of the type of partners. Furthermore, it is found that independent firms are less likely to cooperate in R&D with academic institutes than subsidiaries and affiliated firms.     

R&D支出、机构投资者与公司盈余管理

以制造业上市公司2006-2009年R&D支出数据为基础,本文采用LOGIT模型实证研究了我国机构投资者对公司通过削减R&D支出进行的盈余管理行为的影响。结果表明对于盈亏幅度较小的公司,削减R&D支出已经成为公司盈余管理的重要手段,我国机构投资者整体及证券投资基金持股与公司盈余管理行为显著负相关。另外验证了机构投资者持股比例较高时对国有控股公司及非国有控股公司的盈余管理行为都能发挥有效的抑制作用,但持股比例较低时对国有控股公司盈余管理行为的抑制作用显著小于非国有控股公司。     

Persistent heterogeneity of R&D intensities within sectors: Evidence and policy implications

Do firms in the same sector converge towards the same R&D intensities? Previous research has often assumed this to be true. A closer examination, using microdata from the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard for the years 2000–2015, shows considerable heterogeneity in R&D intensities among firms in the same sector, and that this heterogeneity persists over time. Statistical tests of convergence show that the variation in R&D intensities does not decrease over time (i.e. no σ-convergence), although firms with an R&D intensity below the industry average do seem to catch up with the leaders (i.e. evidence of β-convergence). Overall, firms in the same industry do not converge to a common R&D intensity. Policy implications are discussed.     

数字式多功能车刀角度测量仪的研究

为了提高车刀几何角度的测量精度,在原有车刀角度测量仪的基础上,改进设计了一种数字式多功能车刀角度测量仪.该角度测量仪以单片机为控制核心,利用角度传感器为信息采集模块,通过模数转换模块,将所测车刀角度值以数字形式实时显示出来,可以方便的测量车刀几何角度.     

支持电动汽车研发管理决策的数据规划研究浅析

围绕信息资源规划,将为电动汽车研发管理决策提供支持的多源数据作为研究对象,借鉴Zachman框架思 路和企业架构（EA）规划方法,分析电动汽车研发管理决策支持的业务环境,提出统一的电动汽车决策支持业务框架和 数据框架,最后针对电动汽车技术规划的研发基础环节,对数据框架如何支撑决策活动、开展数据管理进行应用示例。     

水稻短光低温敏雄性核不育系D38S在宜春的育性表现

采用自然光温条件下分期播种、越冬蔸再生和高温季节人工控光处理，研究了水稻短光低温敏雄性核不育系“D38S”在宜春的育性表现．结果表明：在宜春自然光温条件下，育性随光温变化而发生变化，变化规律为：不育一可育一不育，5月下旬前基本上为不育，6月上旬以后至9月中旬全为可育，8月下旬至9月上旬花粉染色率达30％左右，套袋结实率达44．6％，自然结实率达51．4％，9月20日开始育性稳定下降，10月1日后表现完全不育；育性变化与光温的关系为：日平均温度23℃～28℃时，13h以下的光照条件，诱导雄性不育，花粉不育度为99．9％。100％，自然结实率为0，13．5h以上的光照条件诱导雄性可育，自然结实率可达51．4％，光长主导育性转换；长光条件下遇30℃左右的高温会导致可育性下降；相对偏高的高温条件下要求相对较短的短光务件才能诱导完全不育．     

典型测控系统课件制作及其在电路教学中的应用

为充分发挥多媒体课件在测控电路课程教学中的作用,利用电路仿真软件Multisim制作了容器自动输送与喂料演示系统,解释控制电路与传感器检测电路作用;利用三维足形扫描仪制作的扫描视频介绍平台直线运动及利用结构光测量过程中涉及的单元电路;利用数控加工仿真系统模拟工作台移动及加工过程,了解数控铣床控制系统及有关电路组成。制作的三个典型测控系统课件已用于测控电路、现代电子技术及应用等课程的教学,提高了教学质量。