Perceived Information Exchange and Health Control Expectancies as Influenced by a Patient's Medical Interview Situation

The purpose of this study was to examine how a patient's medical interview situation influences the relationship between the health locus of control and information exchange. Participants included 537 people who completed the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale and the patient version of the Medical Communication Competence Scale in reference to their last health care visit. The results indicated that the situation surrounding the medical interview influenced the relationship between the health locus of control and information exchange.     

Determinants of diachronic information seeking among communication intermediaries

While the study of the ethical use of new technologies in journalistic work is imperative given the widespread use of such technology, such studies are few and far between, particularly for the developing world. This paper provides results of an exploratory, qualitative study of Indian journalists’ views about the ethical use of new computer and Internet-based technologies for news gathering and reporting in India. New digital technology was widely accessible to the respondents, but not all journalists were given the tools by their employers. Opinions about ethical news practices using new technology were mixed and revealed a few grey areas. English language national newspapers tended to indicate that their standards were strict and that ethical violations, exacerbated by new technology, occurred mostly in vernacular newspapers. On the whole, respondents had not heard often of other organizations or individuals committing unethical practices such as plagiarism and lack of attribution using new technology. Still, some beliefs indicated uncertainty about ethical practice or breach of ethical principles. The findings of this study have implications for journalism education and on-the-job training of Indian journalists, as well as for formulating ethical codes of journalism, particularly with regard to new media. Indian codes focus more on the roles journalists should play in society and do not provide very specific tactical guidance for everyday news gathering. Coupled with lack of training, this creates a situation where perceptions about journalistic ethics are sometimes vague and variant.     

Helping Public Library Patrons Find Medical Information-The Reference Interview

Abstract

Public libraries are often the first access point for additional information resources on health and medical topics. We, as librarians, must be aware of our role in the information seeking process, and communicate with the patron effectively in order to direct them to appropriate resources. Particular attention must be given in the reference interview, including adequate follow-up support and consideration for protecting confidentiality. This paper discusses elements of the reference interview and describes measures that can be taken to avoid personal liability while directing patrons to health information resources.     

开放式访谈设计中民族志决策树模型的应用及改进

将民族志决策树模型及扎根理论融合应用到开放式访谈设计的问题条目获取、问卷的模型构建及问卷模型的合理性检验三方面。在阐述民族志决策树模型相关理论的基础上,分析该模型和扎根理论融合应用的可行性及必要性,并将二者应用到开放式访谈设计中,提出开放式访谈问卷的模型设计架构,并以社交网站用户流失访谈为例给予说明。结果显示,设计的开放式问卷条目顺序合理、内容表述完善,其设计架构对开放式访谈问卷的设计具有指导意义。     

Students’ ideas about prismatic images: teaching experiments for an image-based approach

ABSTRACT

Prismatic refraction is a classic topic in science education. To investigate how undergraduate students think about prismatic dispersion, and to see how they change their thinking when observing dispersed images, five teaching experiments were done and analysed according to the Model of Educational Reconstruction. For projection through a prism, the students used a ‘split image projection’ conceptualisation. For the view through a prism, this conceptualisation was not fruitful. Based on the observed images, six of seven students changed to a ‘diverted image projection’ conceptualisation. From a comparison between students’ and scientists’ ideas, teaching implications are derived for an image-based approach.     

Teachers’ beliefs about improving transfer of algebraic skills from mathematics into physics in senior pre-university education

ABSTRACT

Students in senior pre-university education encounter difficulties in the application of mathematics into physics. This paper presents the outcome of an explorative qualitative study of teachers’ beliefs about improving the transfer of algebraic skills from mathematics into physics. We interviewed 10 mathematics and 10 physics teachers using a semi-structured questionnaire that was based on an algebraic transfer problem. Almost all teachers acknowledged this transfer problem and considered it to be important. We found a continuum of teachers’ beliefs about aspects influencing transfer, including beliefs on improving this transfer. Together with identified improvement aspects about coherent mathematics education, these may help reduce physics teachers’ frustrations who spend extra time on re-teaching mathematics. Teachers think that transfer does not happen, because students see both subjects as separate disciplines. Contrary to most physics teachers, most mathematics teachers do not feel the need to collaborate with physics teachers. We found two extreme, opposite beliefs about the transfer of algebraic skills into physics. An intermediate group believes that only an integrated approach can solve the transfer problem. Some of the teachers’ beliefs could be organised into a beliefs system. Further research could investigate to which extent such beliefs systems exist and which beliefs these contain.     

H大学本科学情调查及原因分析——以2011年度为例

"全国大学生学习性投入调查"(NSSE)是一个针对全国范围内4年制本科院校学生投入高层次学习程度的年度调查问卷。该问卷的内容主要包括学生的学习行为、学校投入有效教学的努力以及学生对学校促进学习和自身发展程度的看法等。通过对H大学2011年度学生学习性投入的调查结果表明,无论是从年级还是学科专业(农学类除外)角度,该校学生在生师互动指标上得分均低于全国常模;在其他指标上,不同程度地存在着年级差异和学科专业差异。为探明这些差异的成因,分别组织了对学生、教师与管理人员的访谈,并据此提出了相应的改进建议。     

Classroom conditions to secure enjoyment and achievement: the pupils' voice. Listening to the voice of Every child matters

This paper argues that pupil voice and the active engagement of pupils in shaping their own educational experience are integral to the success of the ‘Enjoy and Achieve’ strand of the Every child matters: Change for children programme. Through accessing the voice of Key Stage 2 pupils, insight was gained into what pupils believe to be the ideal ‘classroom conditions’ which enable them to enjoy and achieve at school. Pupil voice was accessed using an innovative form of group interview incorporating an Ishikawa or fishbone tool. The data was collected from 180 pupils, from Years 3–6 (aged 7–11) in a UK Junior school. The findings identify eight ‘classroom conditions’ which pupils see as being critical for them to be able to enjoy and achieve at school. Two of these ‘classroom conditions’ do not appear to be supported by previous research.     

1993 年国际运动心理学发展动态评述

以《国际运动心理学杂志》、《运动心理学家》和《运动与锻炼心理学杂志》三个权威性刊物１９９３年发表的论文为依据，评述了当前国际运动心理学的发展动态，探讨了对中国运动心理学发展的启示，指出：国际运动心理学研究主题的特点是对方法学问题和动机问题的高度重视以及对个性研究的冷落；研究方法的特点是实验与问卷访谈并重，在实验中，以现场实验为主；中国运动心理学应特别注意研究中的理论导向问题。     

参考咨询工作中应注重开展参考接谈

本文论述了在参考咨询工作中开展参考接谈的重要性与必要性，指出参考接谈的基本目的就是要发现用户真正的信息需求，并提出参考接谈过程应注意的一些问题及技巧。