政府网站信息资源知识元模型与可视化表征研究

[目的/意义]利用知识元模型理论研究政府网站知识服务效果的优化路径,辅以可视化表征技术,以降低大数据环境下政务用户信息获取的操作负载和知识加工的认知负荷。[方法/过程]依据相关知识元模型研究推理出符合政府网站信息资源属性特征的六元组知识元表示方法和四元组知识元本体结构,采用TextRank与HDP算法分别抽取政府网站信息资源关键词和主题词,并由领域专家根据抽取结果确定知识元,构建包含知识元本体库生成和可视化知识服务的政府网站信息资源领域知识元可视化表征模型。[结果/结论]通过政府网站发布的共享单车实例检验知识元可视化表征模型的有效性和可行性,为实现政府网站粗粒度信息服务转向以知识元为单位的细粒度知识服务范式开辟了新的研究思路,可视化知识服务模式增强了政务信息导航的结构化和用户解读领域文本语义的效果。     

历史地理信息的获取与标准化——以上海交通大学馆藏地方历史文献为例

上海交通大学图书馆针对近年来收集的地方历史文献开展了数字化加工工作。如何有效地提取文献蕴含的地理信息并使其标准化,最终实现数字化的展示、利用与分析是工作的难点之一。地理信息经由人工获取,根据研究需求按照分段揭示的原则著录到地域相关的元数据字段中。基于可统计的文献来源,分布集中的文献优先编写代码转换规则,可机读代码避免了语义识别等程序的繁冗。鉴于明清时期行政区划的特点,代码采用"省-县-都-图-村"五级格式,遵照标准化、兼容性、求同性与扩展性的编制原则,以期实现文献关联聚类、信息自动获取与空间可视化等数据化效果,还原地域视角下的历史原貌。     

The Effect of Web Search Result Display on Users’ Perceptual Experience and Information Seeking Performance

ABSTRACT

Adding multiple sources of information in the display of Web search results may negatively affect users’ perceptual experience and information-seeking behavior. This claim was established by investigating the impact of different Web search compositions on users’ ability to extract specific information. In this article, we assumed that the quantity and order of different compositions (areas) in the Web search results page may contribute to individual’s ability to find information relevant to their search queries. An eye-tracking device was used to observe and compare the perceptual behavior of 14 users in an information-seeking task. The results showed that the use of different compositions in the display of Web results page significantly influenced users’ perceptual experience by reducing their attention to the organic results area. The quantity of these compositions was found to greatly increase the cognitive load of users when attempting to retrieve information from the organic area, which negatively affects their information-seeking performance. Our finding provides a rationale for further studies to consider the impact of quantity and order of Web page compositions on individuals’ perceptual attention and cognitive load in information-seeking task settings.     

论媒体融合趋势下科技期刊编辑的素养

媒体融合发展已成为期刊出版必然趋势,媒体融合时代我国科技期刊的繁荣发展和国际竞争关键取决于编辑的素养。系统阐述媒体融合发展趋势下科技期刊编辑应当具有的素养,包括科学素养、业务素养、全媒体素养以及人文、信息素养等,努力做不忘初心的学者、精益求精的工匠、与时俱进的潮人以及博学多才的杂家,确保由媒体融合平台推送科技成果信息的科学性、规范性、适应性和实用性;科技期刊编辑应树立终生学习实践的信念,并通过积极交流、融入科研、善于总结等提升素养,充分利用现代技术,不断促进科技成果更快更有效地传播以及服务好创新驱动发展战略。     

Health science libraries in Sweden: new directions,expanding roles

Librarians in Sweden are facing huge challenges in meeting the demands of their organisations and users. This article looks at four key areas: coping with open science/open access initiatives; increasing demands from researchers for support doing systematic reviews; understanding user experiences in Swedish health science libraries; and the consequences of expanding roles for recruitment and continuing professional development. With regard to changing roles, there is an increasing shift from the generalist towards the expert role. The authors raise the issue as to how to prepare those new to the profession to the changing environment of health science libraries.     

Evaluation of Internet Information Sources by High School Students in Ghana

The Internet clearly presents the opportunity for students to expand their knowledge at a fast pace, since they are able to access enormous amount of information. However, accessing the Internet also has its downside since not all information is of good quality. The study explored how 12th grade students at a high school in Ghana evaluated online information sources. These students and the head of the Information Communication Technology department respond to self-administered questionnaires and a semi-structured interview, respectively. The study found that most of the high school students did some kind of an evaluation of online information sources, however, they were not applying the right criteria. The study further revealed that students were not introduced to evaluation criteria at school and this had contributed to the gap in their evaluation competencies.     

The IR Has Two Faces: Positioning Institutional Repositories for Success

This article describes the ongoing efforts at University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) Libraries to evolve the role of the institutional repository (IR) and to effectively position it within the context of the Libraries’ collections, research support, and scholarly communication services. A major component of this process is re-examining the fundamental aims of the IR and aligning it to the Libraries and the campus strategic goals. The authors situate UNLV Libraries’ experience within the context of the current literature to provide background and reasoning for our decision to pursue two, at times conflicting, aims for the IR: one for scholarly communication and another for research administration.     

Is There a Future for Journalism?

A functionalist perspective on the future of journalism would posit that because human society needs journalism, we will find ways to support this communications practice. Yet such a perspective, however consoling, assumes a teleology that is far from guaranteed. What will happen is far from easy to predict; nevertheless, this paper pinpoints several key issues that impact on the future of journalism. It also advances some general propositions and a broad periodisation around UNESCO’s historical role in relation to these issues. The analysis gives particular attention to political and economic matters, the safety of journalists and internet governance. Each of these dimensions entails existential threats to journalism, but some opportunities are also noted. Four paradoxes are also identified, with tensions that may lead to change in one direction or another.     

Digital Inclusion in Library Context: A Perspective from Users with Print Disability

Digital inclusion is a strategy pursued to foster social inclusion of those who have been sidelined from the mainstream of information society due to lack of access to digital technologies and the skills to use them. Libraries have been working to close the gap by providing access to computers, the Internet, digital content, and digital literacy programs. However, research reveals a new type of divide where digitally competent people could be digitally excluded. This shows the need for a better conceptualization of access and literacy. This paper commits to exploring the concept of access to digital content from the perspective of people with print disability. It involved in-depth interviews with ten participants with print disability where the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health was used as a framework for data analysis. The overall analysis shows that digital inclusion would be more meaningful if it involved providing content in alternative formats and empowering users to make informed choices. Issues such as flexibility and adaptability in content presentation and design of content discovery tools are among those discussed.     

基于信息管理基础上的图书馆知识管理的设想

图书馆知识管理与传统的信息管理不同,要求把信息与知识、信息与活动、信息与人连接起来,在人际交流的互动过程中,通过信息与知识(显性知识、隐性知识)的共享,运用群体的智慧进行创新,以赢得竞争优势。因此,图书馆知识管理体现了信息化、柔性化、创新及适应性的管理特征,是信息管理活动的高级形式和最新发展阶段。