信息增值服务：从文献服务到知识服务

发展信息增值服务是图书情报机构解决生存危机问题的关键。图书情报机构的信息增值服务包含三个层次：基于文献组织和有序化的初级信息增值服务；基于信息资源整合和信息内容开发的信息增值服务；智力密集型信息增值服务。图书情报机构应大力开发以情报分析与研究为核心内容的智力密集型信息增值服务和以知识系统化和应用为目标的知识服务。     

国内高校图书馆管理集成系统的选择

本文在对我国高等学校图书馆管理集成系统使用情况分析的基础上，简要介绍了几种拥有用户较多的文献信息管理系统，并据此提出高校图书馆在选择文献信息管理系统时应注重的标准、原则，指出高校图书馆管理集成系统的发展趋势。     

Two-stage statistical language models for text database selection

As the number and diversity of distributed Web databases on the Internet exponentially increase, it is difficult for user to know which databases are appropriate to search. Given database language models that describe the content of each database, database selection services can provide assistance in locating databases relevant to the information needs of users. In this paper, we propose a database selection approach based on statistical language modeling. The basic idea behind the approach is that, for databases that are categorized into a topic hierarchy, individual language models are estimated at different search stages, and then the databases are ranked by the similarity to the query according to the estimated language model. Two-stage smoothed language models are presented to circumvent inaccuracy due to word sparseness. Experimental results demonstrate that such a language modeling approach is competitive with current state-of-the-art database selection approaches.     

对处于非营利组织地位图书馆的研究

在目前社会条件下，省域以下公共图书馆存在着资金与资源两大难题。社会底层的乡村社区图书馆更是遇到了生存困难；本文利用非营利组织理论，提出了建立规范的作为非营利组织的图书馆观念，以此营销图书馆，解决图书馆的资金与资源问题，并吁请国家为非营利组织立法，确保图书馆的生存与发展。     

论树立高校图书馆科学发展观

在近几年快速发展的基础上，高校图书馆要树立科学的发展观念，以人为本，与社会经济发展相适应，与高等教育发展同步，尊重图书馆办馆规律，使高校图书馆快速健康发展。     

基于支持向量机的文本自动分类试验研究

提出了将支持向量机应用于文本自动分类的研究，与常用的K-最邻近法相比，无论是对训练数据集还是测试数据集均具有一定的优势，而且不同特征选择方法对支持向量机的影响要比K-最邻近法小。此外，从研究中的不同特征选择的评价函数来看，它们对分类有一定的影响，应用X2统计进行特征选择的分类正确率最高，其次是文本证据权，而期望交叉熵的效果最差，说明特征选择在文本自动分类中也是相当重要的。     

传播图景中的制度——由英尼斯的媒介理论谈起

本文分三部分 ,第一部分认为 ,在英尼斯的媒介理论中 ,对制度层面的论述是单向和不充分的 ,需要给予补充。第二部分对审视传播媒介与制度系统关系的各种理论视角做了归纳和解释。第三部分提出传播现象的制度分析框架 ,并以舆论的形成为例进行了分析。作者认为传播制度对于传播媒介和社会生活的正常运转具有重要意义 ,并通过制度分析提供了一种可以“去魅”的解释。     

Setting the Students’ Bearings and Balance in Appraisal

The author, a professor at the University of Toronto, touches briefly on the extensive and rich archival literature that supports the teaching of macroappraisal, but notes that this is not the only educational material she offers her students when teaching appraisal theory. She discusses the usefulness to archivists of literature from the fields of ethnography, organizational knowing, records in history, personal documentary behaviour, memory, and communications, noting that the use of texts from these fields can encourage students to reflect on their own presumptions and to develop a taste for the wide reading and research that must support appraisal.     

Co-occurrence of adverse childhood experiences and its association with family characteristics. A latent class analysis with Dutch population data

BackgroundAlthough adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are relatively common among children, there is limited knowledge on the co-occurrence of such experiences.ObjectiveThe current study therefore investigates co-occurrence of childhood adversity in the Netherlands and whether specific clusters are more common among certain types of families.Participants and SettingRepresentative data from the Family Survey Dutch population 2018 (N = 3,128) are employed.MethodWe estimate Latent Class Analysis (LCA) models to investigate co-occurrence of ACEs. As ACEs we examine maltreatment, household dysfunction, demographic family events, as well as financial and chronic health problems. Gradual measures for maltreatment and financial problems are studied to make it possible to differentiate with regard to the severity of experiences.ResultsOur results show that four ACE clusters may be identified: ‘Low ACE’, ‘Moderate ACE: Household dysfunction’, ‘Moderate ACE: Maltreatment’ and ‘High ACE’. Regression analyses indicated that mother’s age at first childbirth and the number of siblings were related to experiencing childhood adversity. We found limited evidence for ACEs to be related to a family’s socioeconomic position.ConclusionThe found clusters of ACEs reflect severity of childhood adversity, but also the types of adversity a child experienced. For screening and prevention of childhood adversity as well as research on its consequences, it is relevant to acknowledge this co-occurrence of types and severity of adversity.     

Finding the missing Einsteins: Expanding the breadth of cognitive and noncognitive measures used in academic services

Education researchers, policymakers, and practitioners are concerned with identifying and developing talent for students with fewer opportunities, especially students from historically marginalized groups. An emerging body of research suggests “universally screening” or testing all students, then matching those students with appropriate educational challenges, is effective in helping marginalized students. However, most tests have focused on two areas: math and verbal reasoning. We leverage three nationally representative samples of the U.S. population at different time points that include both novel cognitive measures (e.g., spatial, mechanical, and abstract reasoning) and non-cognitive measures (e.g., conscientiousness, creativity or word fluency, leadership skill, and artistic skill) to uncover which measures would improve proportional representation of marginalized groups in talent identification procedures. We find that adding spatial reasoning measures in particular—as well as other non-cognitive measures such as conscientiousness, leadership, and creativity—are worthwhile to consider for universal screening procedures for students to narrow achievement gaps at every level of education, including for gifted students. By showing that these nontraditional measures both improve proportional representation of underrepresented groups and have reasonable predictive validity, we also broaden the definition of what it means to be “gifted” and expand opportunities for students from historically marginalized groups.