航天测量船队大型仪器设备共享模式

大型仪器设备配置是航天测量船队开展科学研究和执行试验任务的重要保障,也是科研综合实力评估的重要衡量标准。在分析测量船队传统大型仪器设备管理中存在不足的基础上,以质量管理体系运行和重点实验室建设为契机,从构建共享管理机构、建立信息管理系统、提升管理使用技能、落实检定计量制度、形成考核评估机制、完善奖惩激励手段等方面,建立了航天测量船队大型仪器设备共享模式,通过实践,提升了大型仪器设备使用效率。     

基于政策工具与创新价值链双重视角的科技成果转化政策国际比较研究

在政策工具和创新价值链双重视角下,本文选取美国、欧盟、日本、韩国和以色列五个国家的科技成果转化政策作为研究对象,比较分析五个国家在政策手段和目的上的特点与差异,以期为中国科技成果转化政策的完善给予政策指引。结果表明,五个国家的供给型政策工具和环境型政策工具存在过溢现象,需求型政策工具运用不足。在推动创新价值链各环节中,不同国家在不同环节的侧重点有所不同,同一环节运用的政策工具类型存在较大差异。美国、日本和以色列等国家在研究开发阶段运用的政策工具比在商业化与产业化阶段来得多,欧盟和韩国的情况则相反,但五个国家在生产试验阶段运用的政策工具都最少。     

Technological Study of the Decoration on an Erard Harp from 1818

ABSTRACT

Historical pedal harps from the early nineteenth century are highly adorned objects, decorated with various techniques such as polychromy, gilding, decoupage, and gilt composition ornaments. Even though a large number of such instruments are kept in private and public collections, until now their decorative features have not been examined systematically. Moreover, little has been written about the motives behind the choice of various decorative techniques by harp makers. This article presents results from the investigation of a double-action harp made in 1818 by Erard, the leading manufacturer of harps in Regency London, focusing on the technological aspects of its decorative features. Various analytical methods, such as visual examination, microscopy, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and Py-GC-MS, were used to identify the inorganic and organic components in the coating of the harp and to analyse its stratigraphy. Inspection with ultraviolet light revealed details of the original layers and of later additions, while radiography made the internal structure as well as damaged areas and repairs visible. The outcome of this object-based examination was complemented by archival research on the Erard firm, providing new insight into Erard’s production and marketing strategies.     

“计算机组成原理”课程的教学探讨

根据“计算机组成原理”课程的特点,从教学内容的组织、现代化教学手段与教学工具的使用及教学方法改进等方面,探讨了培养学生的学习兴趣、提高教学效果的途径和方法。     

论高校大型精密仪器设备共享平台的建设

在国家和高校自身投入大量资金进行学校建设的同时,原已存在的资源浪费、重复购置等现象也日益突显出来。仪器设备利用率普遍低下已经成为困扰和阻碍高校建设的一个难题。本文分析了当前高校仪器设备的使用和管理现状,以及产生这些现象的原因,阐述了大型仪器设备共享平台建设的必要性,并就如何做好共享平台建设做了初步的探索。     

国外二语词汇深度测量工具综述

本文对两种二语词汇深度测量工具（VKS和WAT）进行了回顾和总结,并对二语词表、二语词汇知识做了简单描述。文章指出,VKS和WAT在研究和测量二语词汇知识方面有各自的特点和不足,因此,研究者应结合研究目的,正确选择和利用这两种工具。     

X-射线衍射仪中样品架对物相分析的影响

由于X-射线衍射分析仪具有操作简单、无损样品、信息全面等优点,是目前进行物相分析的重要方法之一。但在实际操作过程中,样品架自身的衍射信号会影响样品结构的解析,因此X-射线衍射仪中样品架的选择是快速准确得到样品晶体结构及物相分析的关键。该文基于岛津XRD-6100衍射仪,通过对比铝样品架、树脂样品架、无反射样品架、载玻片及自制凹槽样品架,研究样品架对样品衍射信号的影响。结果表明:不同样品架因其性质不同有各自明确的背景峰。若样品量充足,晶型好的样品对于样品架的选择并无特殊的要求,为了得到更高的峰强度,建议使用常规的铝制或树脂样品架;若样品量少且多为非晶态馒头峰的样品,需考虑样品架对其X-射线衍射峰的影响,建议使用无反射样品板,或者以35°为界,特征峰在35°之前建议使用铝制样品架,35°之后建议使用树脂样品架;载玻片和凹槽样品架主要用于特殊形状规格样品的测试。     

Exploring the music: a teaching-learning sequence about sound in authentic settings

Background: Research regarding students’ ideas about the nature of sound reveals a variety of conceptions about sound. In order to reconstruct these ideas and explain sound phenomena, researchers’ teaching interventions often make use of everyday-life contexts. However existing research on sound only partially addresses the correlation between the properties of sound and its perceptive characteristics.

Purpose: To identify the evolution of students’ conceptions regarding the nature of sound and its properties (frequency, intensity and frequency spectrum) through a teaching-learning sequence (TLS) about sound phenomena in an authentic musical context. The described TLS consists of three activities aiming students to correlate the properties of sound waves (frequency, intensity and frequency spectrum) with its perceptive characteristics (pitch, loudness and timbre) via the use of smartphone applications.

Sample: Eight students, in the second year of their studies in the Department of Primary Education of the XXX University.

Design and methods: Students’ perspectives on sound and their progression are investigated through a teaching experiment design. Data are collected by recording students’ interviews. Due to the explorative nature of the research qualitative methods of content analysis are used.

Results: The results show that the students’ perspectives on sound evolved, as students managed to consolidate links between their everyday experience of sounds and the underlying science concepts as frequency, intensity and frequency spectrum. The authentic environment and the use of the smartphone’s applications were key factors for the success of the teaching experiment. The interaction with the activities shifted student’s conceptualizations closer to the scientific ones, by communicating every day sound experiences with their scientific interpretation.     

采取措施,加强仪器设备的管理

随着高等教育的发展以及国家各部门对高校投入的不断加大,高校购置的仪器设备数量逐年增加,资产规模越来越大,设备不断得到更新改造.新形势下,建立一套完善的管理体制和规章制度,充分利用现代信息和网络技术,同时发挥管理人员的积极性,才能高效、准确地管好仪器设备.     

ICT,educational technology and educational instruments. Will what has worked work again elsewhere in the future?

Computers in education have been around for more than 30 years. They have been the vector not only of diverse forms of educational technology, but also of many new kinds of learning activities using software instruments. With the gradual trivialization of computer systems, the initially rather positive expectations about computers in education have progressively turned into more skeptical attitudes about the use of ICT. What is really working with computers in education? Was the investment worth the outcomes? The number of scientific studies focusing on these issues is huge. Most of their results have been obtained either by very focused experiments on some educational technology, generally involving a limited number of students, or by surveys, taking into account large numbers of learners but with little control about the kind of activities that were actually organized. Overall, hardly any conclusive results about possible causal implications of using ICT in learning have been obtained and there is no evidence about the stability of existing results over time. This paper, particularly taking into account the French experience, draws attention on the specific case of software instruments. These instruments do not exactly aim at performing more efficiently existing activities, but lead to invent new learning activities better in line with constructivist views. It suggests that, besides studies about what works, more research is in order about how it works and contends that what will work in the future is linked to the capability of the teaching profession and their allies to collectively build and discuss new interrogations and solutions to pedagogical problems, which will sustain and regulate the many discoveries of innovators.