学术社交网络知识交流效果研究述评

[目的/意义] 梳理并总结学术社交网络知识交流效果的相关研究,帮助学界同仁把握其发展现状,为未来研究提供思路和方向。[方法/过程] 将学术社交网络知识交流效果相关研究归纳为知识交流效果的影响因素研究、知识交流效果评价方法和评价指标体系研究、知识交流效果提升策略研究3个方面,分析各方面研究成果。[结果/结论] 现有研究存在数据来源单一、相似概念混淆、构建评价体系考虑不全面等不足之处,未来可在这些方面取得进一步突破。     

Weak Ties in Networked Communities

Communities with high levels of social capital are likely to have a higher quality of life than communities with low social capital. This is due to the greater ability of such communities to organize and mobilize effectively for collective action because they have high levels of social trust, dense social networks, and well-established norms of mutuality (the major features of social capital). Communities with “bridging” social capital (weak ties across groups) as well as “bonding” social capital (strong ties within groups) are the most effective in organizing for collective action. People who belong to multiple groups act as bridging ties. When people with bridging ties use communication media, such as the Internet, they enhance their capability to educate community members and to organize, as needed, for collective action. This article summarizes evidence from stratified household survey data in Blacksburg, VA, showing that people with weak (bridging) ties across groups have higher levels of community involvement, civic interest, and collective efficacy than people without bridging ties among groups. Moreover, heavy Internet users with bridging ties have higher social engagement, use the Internet for social purposes, and have been attending more local meetings and events since going online than heavy Internet users with no bridging ties. These findings may suggest that the Internet—in the hands of bridging individuals-is a tool for enhancing social relations and information exchange, and for increasing face-to-face interaction, all of which help to build both bonding and bridging social capital in communities.     

拷贝硅谷:一种聚集网络理论解释

本文介绍了目前在关于拷贝硅谷、建设高新科技园区问题上国内外不同的观点，提出聚集网络理论。在此基础上，通过对韩国大德科学城和我国台湾新竹科学工业园的成功实践考察，提出了它们各自成功发展高技术产业的原因，在于根据各自的实际，市场性和建构性、网络资本和风险资本网络的有机结合，适应了高技术发展的本质要求。认为我国应注重网络资源管理，营造风险资本网络体系发展的环境。     

学术论文同行评审:过去·现状·未来

研究同行评审制度有助于审视学术交流与出版过程,以检验对学术成果的审查和管理工作的合理性,包括评审结果的正确性和评审方法的公平性,并进而为同行评审制度的发展和完善提供参考依据.文章简要介绍同行评审的发展历程,阐述并探讨学术论文同行评审的作用以及存在和面临的问题,并分析同行评审的发展趋势.     

关于探索我国大教育管理学学科建设的刍议

本文主要从终身教育与学习型社会的时代背景,探索研究领域的全民终身教育,管理主体的自主性,合作学习的互动性,教育资源的共享性等方面,以促进学科建设.     

人工神经网络在火灾探测中的应用

火灾的早期探测是较为复杂且具有重要意义的研究课题。针对传统火灾探测方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于人工神经网络技术的火灾自动探测系统,即采用黄金分割优选法对网络隐含层节点数进行优选,采用优于BP算法的LM算法进行网络学习训练。实验结果表明不仅这种系统具有拟合精度高和运算速度快等优点,且探测效率良好。     

实现教学互动的关键在于"善教"与"乐学"

实现教学互动的关键是教师的“善教”和学生的“乐学”。“善教”要求教师必须具有强烈的服务意识．“乐学”是在育人的理念指导下对学生主体性的培养。互动式教学旨在使教学双方主动地发挥自身主观能动性．从而达到相互促动进、教学相长。     

三角债清理的图论模型分析

三角债是我国当前经济领域中存在的一个突出问题。文章建立了三角债的图论模型,并证明了任一债务网络皆可转换为最小债务网络,从而简化了三角债清理工作。     

加强信息网络环境下的图书馆建设

信息网络的迅速发展，对图书馆提出了严峻挑战的同时也带来机遇。图书馆要面对时代变化，不断进行自身建设，才能适应社会发展需要。     

EBF网络特征映射和恢复及其在鲁棒话者识别中的应用

The performance of speaker verification systems is often compromised under real-world environments. For example, variations in handset characteristics could cause severe performance degradation. This paper presents a novel method to overcome this problem by using a non-linear handset mapper. Under this method, a mapper is constructed by training an elliptical basis function network using distorted speech features as inputs and the corresponding clean features as the desired outputs. During feature recuperation, clean features are recovered by feeding the distorted features to the feature mapper. The recovered features are then presented to a speaker model as if they were derived from clean speech. Experimental evaluations based on 258 speakers of the TIMIT and NTIMIT corpuses suggest that the feature mappers improve the verification performance remarkably.