公平效率与社会和谐发展探析

公平与效率的矛盾是贯穿于社会基本矛盾体系之中,影响社会和谐发展的动力支点和内在要求;构建社会主义和谐社会要求我们既要把握公平与效率之间的矛盾张力,更要注重二者的辩证统一。公平与效率统一于人对自由、平等的价值追求与社会的和谐发展,最终统一于人的自由全面的发展;正确处理公平效率的矛盾是政府促进社会和谐的有效途径和经济社会民主发展的基本动力。     

生态伦理学中的两个公平问题

通过厘清生态伦理学的主要问题,着重提出并讨论生态伦理学中代内公平和代际公平两个问题,尤其是国际间的代内公平问题。指出解决这些问题需要多学科的共同努力,并最终须通过环境法(国内的和国际的)的实施和环境管理的执行来达成。     

论岩佐茂的环境正义思想

当代日本环境哲学家岩佐茂基于日益严重的环境问题,明确提出应通过明确环境责任、构建生态社会主义以及抑制资本逻辑来实现环境正义的思想。这一环境正义思想主要体现为环境责任公平、环境利用公平和环境价值公平等三个方面,揭示了代内正义与代际正义、分配性正义与生产性正义、制度变革与价值批判相统一,对当今环境问题的解决具有重要的启示意义。     

Intergenerational Discussions as a Curriculum Strategy: Modeling Audacious Hope in Action

This article builds upon the idea of audacious hope in action described by Generett and Hicks in “Beyond Reflective Competency: Teaching for Audacious Hope-in-Action.” Outlining the difficulties that teachers experience sustaining hope, the author describes the survival strategies used by African Americans to remain hopeful when there was little evidence to support such a stance. This article proposes that intergenerational conversations with African Americans who are committed to social change can be an effective curriculum strategy for teacher educators seeking to incorporate a hopeful stance into their curriculums. Gretchen Givens Generett is an Associate Professor in the School of Education and Social Sciences at Robert Morris University. Her current research investigates the role of hope in education and the challenges of working for social change in mixed communities.     

Singing our song: the affordances of singing in an intergenerational,multimodal literacy programme

This exploratory case study examined the affordances of singing as a multimodal literacy practice within ensembles that featured art, singing and digital media produced in an intergenerational programme that served a class of kindergarten children and community elders. The programme that was set up by the study in collaboration with a rural school and elders' organisation saw participants meet one afternoon a week for most of a school year. Study questions concerned the meaning making and relationship‐building opportunities afforded to the participants as they worked through chains of multimodal projects. Data were collected using ethnographic tools in an elders' home where the projects were completed and in the kindergarten where project content and tools were introduced to the children and extended by the classroom teacher. Themes were identified through the juxtaposition of data in relation to the literature and study questions. Results indicate that singing provided opportunities for participants to form relationships and make meaning as a group while combining modes. Study findings foreground the communicative power of singing and suggest how singing, when viewed through a multimodal lens, might be a potent tool for multimodal literacy learning.     

欧洲代际学习项目的跨个案研究

随着老龄化趋势的日益加重,代际学习作为一种可能促进老年人积极老龄化的社会活动,日益受到社会的关注与支持。欧洲作为老龄化程度最严重的地区之一,同时也孕育了诸多代际学习项目。基于跨个案研究的方法,以“大足”“IT指南”和“班级爷爷”三个较为独特的代际学习项目为研究对象,通过对三者的项目愿景、利益相关者、行动路径和项目效果进行比较,分析三个代际学习项目的经验与特点。在此基础上,探讨其对我国代际学习实践的价值:一是坚持终身学习观念,打破年龄的界限;二是秉承社会资本动态化,促进资源共享;三是考虑问题与优势,谋求本土化发展。     

Education for transformation: an evaluative framework to guide student voice work in schools

In the context of neoliberal and neoconservative educational reforms, student voice work is faced with a number of potential difficulties in creating the conditions, skills and dispositions necessary for student empowerment. One of the key challenges is evaluating whether student voice initiatives are effective, relevant and transformative. Through a systematic literature review of contemporary student voice literature from the past 10 years, the article proposes an evaluative framework to measure the extent to which student voice contributes to socially transformative educational practices in primary and secondary schools This framework suggests that transformative voice work should be dialogic, intergenerational, collective and inclusive, and transgressive. It argues that the interaction of these four themes forms a set of principles or building blocks which collectively underpin transformative student voice work. The purpose of such an evaluative framework is not to provide a normative benchmarking tool, but rather, to serve as a reflective dialogical tool that could guide teachers and students towards genuine transformation of institutional structures and individual practices as well as informing policy makers, practitioners and researchers.     

研究生录取环节中效率与公平的博弈

研究生招生工作是否公平有效不仅关系到人才选拔而且具有广泛的社会意义,然而,就现实情况来看,当前研究生招生录取过程中存在着严重的效率与公平冲突。要改变这种局面,需要不断完善复试体制,提高其透明度、客观性与开放性,并逐步增加其权重;需要限制并不断降低各高校的保研生比例,提高人才选拔的公平性。只有从制度上消除教育歧视和教育寻租的温床并协调好各方利益,才能实现研究生录取环节效率与公平的统一,推动我国研究生教育事业朝着更高的水平发展。     

西南民族地区中小学教育公平问题研究——以黔东南州为例

对贵州黔东南州76所初中、小学的教师和学生进行调查,分析研究其中存在的教育不公平现状。     

马克思恩格斯的资本主义“公平”观及当代启示

公平与效率的问题是任何社会在其发展过程中都要面对的。马克思、恩格斯在对资本主义进行深入研究后认为,资本主义社会的经济效率较高,所创造的社会生产力明显比其以前任何社会都多,但它在对公平问题的处理上却陷入泥潭。资本主义"公平"仅是"公平"历史发展过程中的一环,它在现实上集中表现为"资本"的公平,是资产阶级的乐园,具有明显的形式性、虚伪性。这种所谓的公平必然束缚社会生产力的进一步发展,导致阶级之间的尖锐对立,资本主义社会将在其中灭亡。马克思、恩格斯对资本主义"公平"问题的认识给当代中国深刻启迪,告诉我们不仅要注意"效率",更要善待"公平",借以促进社会稳定,增进社会和谐。