考虑资本分担公平性的大型跨界工程项目融资博弈模型

针对一类横跨多地的大型工程项目融资问题,考虑各地政府对于项目资本分担的公平偏好行为,建立了多方行为博弈模型,并通过模型求解和对不同情形的比较分析给出了各方的最优投资策略以及该类项目融资的最佳方案,即以效用投资比相等原则对该类项目进行融资是帕累托最优的。     

Provider fairness across continents in collaborative recommender systems

When a recommender system suggests items to the end-users, it gives a certain exposure to the providers behind the recommended items. Indeed, the system offers a possibility to the items of those providers of being reached and consumed by the end-users. Hence, according to how recommendation lists are shaped, the experience of under-recommended providers in online platforms can be affected. To study this phenomenon, we focus on movie and book recommendation and enrich two datasets with the continent of production of an item. We use this data to characterize imbalances in the distribution of the user–item observations and regarding where items are produced (geographic imbalance). To assess if recommender systems generate a disparate impact and (dis)advantage a group, we divide items into groups, based on their continent of production, and characterize how represented is each group in the data. Then, we run state-of-the-art recommender systems and measure the visibility and exposure given to each group. We observe disparities that favor the most represented groups. We overcome these phenomena by introducing equity with a re-ranking approach that regulates the share of recommendations given to the items produced in a continent (visibility) and the positions in which items are ranked in the recommendation list (exposure), with a negligible loss in effectiveness, thus controlling fairness of providers coming from different continents. A comparison with the state of the art shows that our approach can provide more equity for providers, both in terms of visibility and of exposure.     

代际视角下领导对员工创造力的自证预言

领导对员工创造力的期望是否会真的影响员工创造力？通过对112个工作团队分三阶段开展的问卷调研,发现工作场所中领导对员工创造力的期望能提高员工的心理授权进而提升员工创造性绩效,本研究运用自证预言理论对上述“期望效应”机制进行了探讨。研究结果还表明,员工对上级创造力期望的反应呈现出代际差异,领导表现出的这种期望效应会对以80后、90后为代表的新生代群体产生更大影响;对非新生代群体而言,期望效应并不显著。本文贡献在于,从创造力角度发现自证预言在工作情景中的直接证据,并指出这种效应并非普遍存在于不同代际群体。     

教师如何促进课堂公平

教育公平问题是当下的一个热门话题,而微观领域的课堂公平更是关乎学生一生的发展。就当前的课堂不公平现象进行分析,主要涉及课堂教学互动、教师评价和师生关系中的一些问题,并力图从课堂教学的主导者教师身上寻求解决的方法。     

语言测试公平性研究回顾及其思考

近几年来语言测试公平性问题吸引了越来越多测试专家的关注。值得注意的是,当人们谈到语言测试公平性问题的时候,首先想到的就是公平性的定义,以及如何进行公平性的检验。然而,对公平性研究进行回顾是更好地了解公平性定义以及更好地制定出适用于公平性检验的指导性原则的前提。通过相关文献的查阅,文章总结出了迄今为止公平性问题研究所经历的三个阶段,并对语言测试公平性的相关问题进行思考与展望。     

促进社会公平是和谐社会的重要特征

促进社会公平是构建设和谐社会的重要特征,也是构建社会主义和谐社会的一个重要社会基础。社会公平包括权利的平等、分配的合理、机会的均等和规则的公正。只有正确理解和把握社会公平的涵义,才能明确和谐社会的目标。维护和实现社会公平,必须具备现实的社会经济政治条件以及切实可行的政策措施。     

What parents say about children’s inequality of opportunities: a study in Mauritius

Longitudinal studies showing the beneficial impact of early childhood education on later academic achievement have contributed to persuading policy-makers and academia that early childhood is the best time to address inequalities. However, the voice of parents is often absent from these debates. We investigated the perspectives of parents on children’s inequalities of opportunities and on the role of education and early childhood care in equalising life chances. The study specifically explored the views of 26 parents in the sub-Saharan African country of Mauritius through focus group discussions. Findings of the study suggested that parents tend to adhere to the discourse of parental responsibility as a key factor in children’s inequalities. Yet they also showed that parents have potential to criticise and deconstruct this narrative, as they experience structural circumstances, such as poverty or discrimination, shaping their life opportunities and those of their children.     

库兹涅茨假说及中国地区差距的实证研究

对库兹涅茨假说的内涵、实质进行理论表述与分析,简述了学术界关于该假说的争论,提出了该假说成立的三个隐含条件。应用“各态历经理论”,以改革开放20年来中国东、西部地区经济发展差异为实证研究对象,研究表明无论是中国东西地区人均财富差异、经济密度差异,还是经济总量差异,均符合库兹涅茨假说。文章提出中国应积极寻求发展与公平之间的平衡点与结合点,尽快培育由发展与公平“两难”境地向“双赢”局面转化的政策环境,以及中央政府充当“道德人”角色的功能作用要进一步强化的若干政策建议。     

试析信息公平与文献资源共享

本文从信息公平概念入手，论述了文献信息资源共享对于社会信息公平的重要作用，着眼于信息公平，结合现实，提出了在促进文献资源共享过程中应重点加强的四方面工作。     

农村社会养老保险政策实施公平性有效性及可持续性评估——兼论新型农村社会养老保险的改革与发展战略

为国民（特别是农村人口）建立社会养老保险制度,不仅是一个国家经济社会发展的体现,也是一个国家社会文明和社会和谐的标准。国家对农村社会养老保险进行了积极探索,从老农保到新农保,走过了太多的坎坷与崎岖历程。新农保的理念较为清晰,以公平为指向,但在试点具体实施中存在强制或捆绑参保缴费,损害了制度的公平性,制度的有效性仍然不足,制度的可持续性依然不明晰。新农保应该适时调整政策,并通过相关改革与战略性发展措施,切实提高制度的公平性、有效性和可持续性。