The impact of relational markers on expository text comprehension in L1 and L2

This article reports on an experimentinvestigating the impact of causal discoursemarkers (connectives and signaling phrases) onthe comprehension of expository texts in L1 andL2. Although several psycholinguistic studieshave investigated the impact of connectives andlexical markers of text structure oncomprehension (i.e. off-line), there is noconsensus on the exact effect of explicitdiscourse markers on text understanding; threedifferent findings are reported in theliterature: markers would have a facilitatingeffect, an interfering effect or no effect atall. The first goal of this article is toclarify this problem of contradicting resultsby limiting the scope of the study to causalrelations, and to one specific text type:expository texts. Furthermore, the naturalnessof the experimental texts was controlled,readers did not need specific backgroundknowledge to understand the texts and theexperimental method consisted of open answerquestioning. Our second goal is to investigateto what extent a supposed effect of linguisticmarking depends on readers proficiency in afirst or second language.The experiment consisted in the reading of short expository texts in two languages, Dutchand French, which both functioned as L1 and L2.The results indicate that readers benefit fromthe presence of causal relational markers bothin L1 and in L2. Implications for (theoriesof) text processing are discussed, as well asfor the further insights in readingcomprehension in L1 and L2.     

中国画的写形、立象

中国画史上概括造型过程的概念是写形、立象 ,这两个概念包含了写形求形似、立象为尽意的内涵。中国画的形象是一种提供轮廓线与结构线、要求观者通过联想补充块面而形成的立体形象 ,并非是一种“平面构成”。中国画的形象特点制约着中国画的立意、线条、色墨 ,因此探讨中国画的发展应充分注意象、意、线、色的相关性     

"第一生产力"和"先进生产力"概念辨析

通过对第一生产力和先进生产力概念的比较分析,指出在研究方法上不能撇开生产关系单纯地研究生产力;第一生产力和先进生产力既有共性也有不同,后者是对前者在更高层次上的概括和抽象。     

Understanding silence: an investigation of the processes of silencing in parent–teacher conferences with Somali diaspora parents in Danish public schools

This article questions the dominant understanding that immigrant and refugee parents in parent–teacher conferences are silent because they come from a culture where one does not question the authority of the teacher. Instead, it is argued that they become silent through certain interactional processes. Building on material from an explorative case study of the home–school relations of Somali diaspora families in Danish public schools, the article argues that while these parents have many opinions about their children’s education that they wish to convey, there are institutional and interactional processes in the parent–teacher conference that systematically silence their voices. The understanding of culture as a stable structure that persons are situated within in a top-down manner is thus challenged, arguing that dynamic here-and-now interactions unfolding in a specific practice result in persons becoming, rather than being, silent.     

Father involvement in young children’s care and education: exploring boundaries and starting conversations

This paper analyses the impact of a UK local authority initiative – Fathers’ Friday – aiming to involve fathers in their children’s education, which took place in 20 early years’ and primary school settings. Whilst the study involved a range of methods, in this paper interview data associated with practitioners’ perspectives of the initiative are used. Theoretically, Bernstein’s concept of boundary and related notions of classification and framing provide a framework for exploring fathers’ positioning, and Bernstein’s concept of ‘voice’ helps to explain how relations are repositioned, as fathers engage with settings through their participation in the initiative. The authors’ contention is that whilst an existing structure of social relations positions how settings and individuals can relate to one another, experiencing the Fathers’ Friday initiative under changed conditions produces a weakened boundary space for fathers, from which ‘conversations can start’. Children themselves form part of this process of redrawing weakened boundaries.     

浅析交往的产生及其相互关系--学习《德意志意识形态》札记

交往是人类特有的存在方式和活动方式,伴随着整个人类发展的进程,贯彻于人的现实生活的各个方面;交往的基本形式有两性交往、物质交往、精神交往三种,正是由于在对现实社会交往的研究的基础上,历史唯物主义才得以产生.同时对这一问题的关注,在市场经济条件下,对我国内部的相互交往、我国人民与世界人民之间的交往具有重要的指导意义.     

试论基辛格首次访华的国际影响

1971年 7月 ,美国总统国家安全事务助理基辛格为寻求中美和解 ,对中国进行了秘密访问。事后中美双方同时发表了美国总统尼克松将访问中国的公告。这一事件震动了全世界 ,它使中国进一步打开了对外交往的新局面 ,国际影响迅速扩大 ;它促使了一贯追随美国、坚持反华的日本佐藤政府的提前下台 ,中日关系亦迅速出现转机 ,先于美国实现了两国关系正常化 ;它使前苏联领导人惶恐不安 ,为了早日与美国达成妥协 ,不得不在有关问题上向美国做出让步 ,同时为强化自己的战略地位 ,迅速与印度签订了《苏印和平友好合作条约》。     

多变量逻辑函数的空间化简法

利用最小项的空间相邻关系，化简复杂的多变量逻辑函数     

中国传统家族文化的阴柔特征

宗法家族文化是中国传统文化的核心部分，推崇用封建的“礼法”来规范人伦关系，片面强调不平等的政治伦理教化功能，维护超稳定的社会结构和内在的血缘关系。总的来说，这种文化制约个体的自由发展，在很大程度上导致了中华民族温顺谦卑、平和柔弱性格的生成，在政治、伦理、经济和教育等方面表现出阴柔特征。     

论艾米莉·狄金森的死亡诗

美国诗人艾米莉·狄金森的死亡诗表达了一种独特的死亡观.有死才有生,人的生存就是在"生与死"两个领域中不断滋养自己,并达到完满和充盈的过程.