Urinary Tumor Markers Could Predict Survival in Bladder Carcinoma

The early diagnosis of bladder cancer is important for effective treatment of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP 22), soluble epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), cathepthin-D and total protein with clinico-pathological features of bladder cancer, and to determine the relation between each marker and tumor progression after treatment. The study includes 65 patients with bladder cancer, 14 benign urinary diseases and 11 healthy volunteers. Patients were categorized according to bilharzial infestation, T stage, tumor grade, size and the presence of lymph node metastasis. Forty patients were followed for disease progression after surgery. There was a significant increase of NMP22, E-cadherin, cathepthin-D and total protein detected in cancer group compared to healthy and benign groups. It was found that NMP 22 and E-cadherin had highest sensitivity (84.4, 76.9 %, respectively) while, total ddedprotein showed highest specificity (77.4 %). Tumor size correlated with urinary NMP22 (r = 0.3, p = 0.02), although, E-cadherin, cathepsin-D and total protein correlated with tumor size (r = 0.3, 0.28, 0.2; p = 0.01, p = 0.01, 0.04, respectively) and lymph node metastasis (r = 0.32, 0.34, 0.2; p = 0.003, 0.005, 0.04, respectively). Elevated pretreatment urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein levels was associated significantly with bladder cancer recurrence (p = 0.02, 0.001, 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, determination of urinary NMP22, E-cadherin and total protein in bladder cancer patients or persons at risk of developing bladder cancer will help in early detection of the disease and prediction of recurrence. The use of a combination of tumor markers is markedly useful than the assessment of single one.     

Case Report: Liquid-based cytology aids in primary fallopian tube cancer diagnosis

Primary fallopian tube carcinoma (PFTC) is a rare malignant carcinoma among all genital tract malignancies. It occurs most commonly in postmenopausal women and is similar to ovarian malignancy historically and clinically. Because of its insidious onset and silent course, the diagnosis is made usually postoperatively. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a type of method for cervical cancer screening, but sometimes it may aid in making PFTC diagnosis. We report a 47-year-old woman with PFTC, whose diagnosis was made with the aid of LBC.     

过度训练对大鼠肠道sIgA和血浆内毒素含量的影响以及谷氨酰胺的干预作用

目的:探讨过度训练对肠道slgA和血浆内毒素含量的影响及其谷氨酰胺的干预作用和机制.方法:实验大鼠随机分为对照组、过度训练组、谷氨酰胺干预组,过度训练组大鼠进行每周6次,共9周的力竭性运动训练,谷氨酰胺干预组大鼠在大负荷运动之前按1.5 g/kgBW剂量补充谷氨酰胺,9周后,检测各组大鼠小肠slgA、Gln、MDA的含量及SOD活性.结果:1)与对照组比较,过度训练组大鼠小肠sIgA含量显著下降;且小肠SOD活性、Gln含量显著下降,MDA含量显著升高.2)与过度训练组相比,Gln干预组小肠slgA和Gln的含显著升高,虽然SOD活性没有显著性变化,大鼠小肠组织中MDA含量显著降低.结论:1)过度训练导致大鼠肠道体液免疫功能显著下降;过度训练时大鼠肠道Gln水平下降和自由基代谢的增强,可能是过度训练引起肠道免疫功能降低的主要机制.2)补充Gln可改善长期大负荷运动训练大鼠肠道体液免疫功能;而Gln的补充可使大负荷训练大鼠肠道Gln含量升高和氧自由基生成减少,可能是Gln补充防止大负荷训练大鼠肠道体液免疫功能下降的主要机制.     

Detection of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Worldwide there has been a significant increase in the incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) etiologically attributed to oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). Reliable and accurate identification and detection tools are important as the incidence of HPV-related cancer is on the rise. Several HPV detection methods for OPSCC have been developed and each has its own advantages and disadvantages in regard to sensitivity, specificity, and technical difficulty. This review summarizes our current knowledge of molecular methods for detecting HPV in OPSCC, including HPV DNA/RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC), and DNA/RNA in situ hybridization (ISH) assays. This summary may facilitate the selection of a suitable method for detecting HPV infection, and therefore may help in the early diagnosis of HPV-related carcinoma to reduce its mortality, incidence, and morbidity.     

PBL教学法在肠梗阻临床见习中应用效果评价

为了探讨PBL教学法在肠梗阻临床见习的应用效果,将2018年进入临床见习的60名临床专业本科生随机分为PBL教学组和对照组,前者针对肠梗阻进行PBL教学,对照组实施常规临床带教模式。教学结束后对两组学生进行理论知识考核,同时发放教学问卷,对学生临床思维能力等培养效果的评价进行对比。结果PBL组学生在理论及临床思维能力方面均明显优于对照组,P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。这表明运用PBL教学方法能够有效培养学生的临床思维能力。     

宫颈鳞癌中耐药标志物HSP27和MT的表达及意义

目的:探讨子宫颈癌变过程中,耐药标志物热休克蛋白27(heat shock protein 27,HSP27)和金属硫蛋白(metallothionein MT)的表达特点,为指导子宫颈癌患者化疗方案制定和提示预后积累资料.方法:集子宫颈切除及活检标本118例,其中有正常宫颈组织13例;子宫颈上皮内瘤变(cervical intraepithelial neoplasia,CIN)25例;子宫颈鳞状细胞癌80例.在鳞癌组中高分化鳞癌13例、中分化鳞癌53例、低分化鳞癌14例.以S-P免疫组织化学方法,显示HSP27和MT的表达水平.结果:染色显示细胞核或细胞浆被染呈大小不一,深浅不等的棕黄色颗粒.HSP27在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌中阳性率分别为7.69%、24.00%和46.25%,三组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).在正常宫颈中MT阳性率为7.69%(1/13),CIN中阳性率为28.00%(7/25),在宫颈鳞癌中阳性率为56.25%(45/80),三者间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).HSP27和MT的阳性表达率在不同分化程度的宫颈鳞癌间无显著差异.结论:HSP27和MT在正常宫颈、宫颈上皮内瘤变、宫颈鳞癌的阳性表达率逐渐升高(P＜0.01).HSP27和MT的过度表达可分别或联合作为临床上早期诊断宫颈癌或判断CIN预后的参考指标.     

Screen p53 mutations in hepatocellular carcinoma by FASAY:A novel splicing mutation

INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer in new cases per year (626 000) and the third most common cancer resulting in death (598 000) (Parkin et al., 2005). China is the country most seriously suffering from HCC, accounting for 55% of total cases and deaths worldwide per year. The clinical behavior of HCC is heterogeneous and difficult to predict, and in patients undergoing resec-tion, recurrence rates can be as high as 50% in two years and life ex…     

MICROSATELLITE ALTERATION AND ITS CHARACTERISTICS IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ (ＣＲＣ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｍａｌｉｇｎａｎｃｉｅｓｗｈｏｓｅｉｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅｉｎ ｃｒｅａｓｅｓｙｅａｒｂｙｙｅａｒｉｎＣｈｉｎａ (Ｆａｎｅｔａｌ.,1 993 ) .ＴｈｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌａｒｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｓｏｆＣＲＣｉｓａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｂｅｓｔｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄｏｆｃｏｍｍｏｎｈｕｍａｎｃａｎｃｅｒｓ.Ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｃｏｌｏｒｅｃｔａｌｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｓａｍｕｌｔｉｓｔａｇｅｐｒｏｃｅ…     

P_(53)、Bcl-2在大肠癌中的表达及临床病理研究

目的:探讨P_(53)、Bcl-2基因蛋白在大肠癌中的表达及临床病理联系。方法:对88例大肠癌手术切除标本进行石蜡切片SP法免疫组织化学染色。结果:P_(53)、Bcl-2基因在大肠癌组织中表达率分别为55.68％(49/88)、63.63％(56/88),癌旁移行区粘膜上皮及腺体P_(53)、Bcl-2阳性表达率分别为3.12％(2/64)、31.25％(20/64),二者均有显著性差异(P<0.01)。P_(53)与大肠癌浸润深度有关(P<0.05),而与组织学类型、分化程度、有无淋巴结转移关系不显著(P>0.05)。Bcl-2的表达率在无淋巴结转移大肠原发癌中高于有淋巴结转移的大肠原发癌(P<0.01)。而在淋巴结转移癌组织中Bcl-2表达率高于原发癌组织Bcl-2表达率,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:P_(53)、Bcl-2在大肠癌组织中均有高表达,可能与细胞恶变有密切关系,P_(53)与大肠癌浸润进展有关,与其它生物学行为关系不大;Bcl-2在大肠癌无淋巴结转移前有高表达,在淋巴结转移癌中的表达高于原发癌,提示Bcl-2的表达参与大肠癌转移的形成。