结直肠癌营养风险筛查研究进展

营养风险是指现存的或潜在的与营养因素相关的导致患者出现不良临床结局的风险。结直肠癌是常见的恶性肿瘤,在我国发病率逐年升高,由于生理病理原因,以及治疗方法使其更易存在营养风险。现将营养风险及其筛查常用工具进行简单综述,并重点综述结直肠癌营养风险筛查2002（NRS 2002）的应用现状,以期指导临床实践。     

Protein Thiols and Butryrylcholinestrase in Saliva of Oral Cancer Patients

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies recognized. Biomarkers which can predict presence of cancer and its progression can help in better management of these disorders. Over production of lipid peroxidation byproducts and disturbances in antioxidant defense system have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases including oral cancer. Studies have shown a correlation of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with tumourigenesis, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Earlier we have observed a significant elevation in plasma BChE and protein thiols in oral cancer patients which correlated well with stages of cancer. As it was not clear whether the above markers will be altered in saliva of oral cancer patients this study was undertaken. Institutional Ethics Committee gave permission to carry out this study. Total of 55 subjects comprising healthy controls (n = 30) and biopsy proven oral cancer patients (n = 25) consented to participate in this study. Salivary samples from cases were taken before any definitive treatment. Protein thiols and BChE were estimated in salivary samples using validated assay methods. Oral cancer patients had a significant increase in pre-treatment salivary BChE levels (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.001) in salivary thiols as compared to respective values in controls. Salivary protein thiols and BChE may have a role in pathophysiology of oral cancer. Saliva can be used as a potential non-invasive screening tool in oral cancer patients.     

钡剂灌肠在大肠梗阻诊断中的作用

为提高钡剂灌肠在大肠癌性梗阻诊断中的作用及X线影像表现,通过对16例大肠癌性梗阻经钡剂灌肠诊断为升结肠癌8例.横结肠近肝曲癌5例,直肠、乙状结肠癌3例的分析.得到结论:钡剂灌肠在大肠癌性梗阻急性发作病例中能及时有效地显示其病变部位梗阻性质和范围,可以弥补纤维结肠镜定位欠准确的不足.     

大肠癌组织中CD105和Ki-67的表达及其临床病理学意义

目的探讨大肠癌组织中CD105和Ki-67的表达及其意义。方法采用免疫组织化学PV-9000法检测50例大肠癌组织和10例正常大肠黏膜组织中CD105和Ki-67的表达,检测肿瘤内微血管密度（MVD）以及计算增殖指数（PI）。结果Ki-67和CD105在大肠癌组织中呈高表达（51．34±24．44,16．44±6．33）,与正常黏膜组织中的表达（21．10±8.66,4．00±1．25）相比较,差异有极显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Ki-67的表达与大肠癌的分化程度、临床分期和淋巴结的转移有关,有显著统计学意义（P〈0．05）。MVD与大肠癌的分化程度、临床分期有关（P〈0．05）,但与淋巴结转移无关（P〉0．05）。Ki-67在大肠癌高微血管密度组的表达（68.28±16．91）明显高于低微血管密度组（30．59±13．90）,差异非常显著（P〈0．01）,Ki钾的表达与MYD呈正相关（r=0．28,P〈0.01））。结论CD105和Ki-67在大肠腺癌的发生发展中起着重要作用,并且同时检测两者的表达对大肠腺癌的抗血管治疗和判断其预后有一定应用价值。     

Clinical outcomes of fertility-sparing treatments in young patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma

Objective  

To assess the clinical outcomes of fertility-sparing treatments in young patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC).     

Evaluation of serum mucoproteins in patients suffering from liver cancers

Mucoproteins are normal and essential constituents of different types of cells, tissues, and organs in our body. Interestingly, an increase in the serum mucoprotein has been described in several malignant disorders in various studies. To study this in the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma thirty five patients suffering from histologically or cytologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma were tested for serum mucoprotein in the Department of Biochemistry and the Department of Pathology of North Bengal Medical College for a period of one and a half years against matched healthy controls. The serum mucoprotein was found to be increased significantly in the cases suffering from hepatocellular carcinoma (p<0.001). So, the present study suggests a strong correlation between the mucoprotein level and carcinomatous changes in the hepatocellular tissues.     

宫颈鳞状上皮癌变过程中细胞周期调节通路p14^ARF-MDM2-p53作用的研究

目的 探讨细胞周期调节p14ARF-MDM2-p53通路在宫颈上皮癌变过程中的作用.方法 采用免疫组化SP法检测18例正常宫颈上皮、48例宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN)和23例宫颈鳞状细胞癌组织p14ARF、MDM2及p53蛋白的表达.结果 p14ARF蛋白表达阳性率在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌组分别为28%、42%和78%,宫颈鳞癌组表达较正常上皮和CIN组升高(P＜0.05);MDM2蛋白表达阳性率在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌组分别为0%、23%和43%,CIN和宫颈鳞癌组较正常宫颈上皮表达升高(P＜0.05);p53蛋白表达阳性率在正常宫颈上皮、CIN和宫颈鳞癌组分别为6%、31%和39%,CIN及宫颈鳞癌组表达水平较正常宫颈上皮升高(P＜0.05);统计分析未发现三种蛋白的表达存在显著相关性.结论 p14ARF-MDM2-p53细胞周期调节通路与宫颈癌发生发展有关并有望用于CIN及宫颈癌的诊断.     

氟他胺加睾丸切除治疗晚期前列腺癌22例报告

为探讨提高晚期前列腺癌的治疗效果，回顾性研究22例晚期前列腺癌的临床资料，运用氟他胺加睾丸切除治疗前列腺癌，其中C2期8例，D1期9例，D2期5例。结果：显效17例，有效3例，死亡2例，总有效率达90．9％。结果表明氟他胺是一个单纯抗雄激素的非类固醇化合物，对前列腺组织靶细胞膜上的雄激素受体有特异性阻断作用，能抑制雄激素依赖性肿瘤细胞生长，切除睾丸能降低雄激素水平，两者产生协同作用，提高疗效。     

中医药对原发性肝癌化疗栓塞术后免疫功能调节的研究进展

总结近年原发性肝癌化疗栓塞术后常见中医证型及治法方药,为中医药更好增强肝癌患者免疫功能,预防转移,提高生活质量提供临床参考。     

经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TAE)治疗肝癌的并发症及其防治(附50例分析)

本文对50例次经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞(TAE)治疗肝癌的并发症及其防治进行了分析。全部病例在TAE术后均有消化道症状,术后血清胆红质、尿素氮、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天门冬酸氨基转移酶(AST)均较术前有不同程度增高,重复化疗栓塞者易出现急性糜烂性胃炎,少见并发症有胆囊梗死、胸腔积液等。笔者还对部分并发症的防治进行了探讨。