Fake News as a Critical Incident in Journalism

This study examines how American newspapers made sense of the issue of fake news. By analysing newspaper editorials and considering the problem of fake news as a critical incident confronting journalism, this study found that news organizations in the US recognize fake news as a social problem while acknowledging the challenge in defining it. They generally considered fake news as a social media phenomenon thriving on political polarization driven by mostly ideological, but sometimes also financial, motivations. Therefore, they assigned blame for the rise of fake news to the current political environment, to technological platforms Google and Facebook, and to audiences.     

Ethical Boundaries among Freelance Journalists

This article sheds light on the professional role of freelance journalists and examines ethical dilemmas faced by Norwegian freelance journalists. Freelancers and self-employed journalists have to manage their own financial interests and secure their income, as well as the professional ethics of journalism. Finding themselves placed between autonomy and precarity, these freelancers are also engaged in non-journalistic activities, such as PR, because these kinds of jobs usually pay better than news work. This article discusses freelancers and ethical dilemmas. Further, it addresses how freelancers deal with the blurring borders between journalism and PR.     

“Ice Cream is Worse,and Joblessness is Not an Option”

A rise in informal labor, characterized by contracted and non-salaried positions, has been observed in many industry sectors including journalism. While opportunities for freelance journalists have increased, the journalism industry has simultaneously experienced mass layoffs. Using a survey (N?=?411), with quantitative and qualitative measures, this study assesses freelancers’ experiences in the US context with a particular attention to gender. The study finds that women perceive freelancing, but not full-time journalism, as compatible with raising children. Although there were no differences in perceptions about layoffs and job stability, the women in the sample were more likely to rely on freelancing as the only job and subsequently express concerns over pay. Open-ended responses provide further insight into the state of the journalism industry, full-time employment, and gender dynamics.     

Solutions Journalism

The media contribute to compassion fatigue—or public apathy toward human tragedy—in part by failing to present solutions to the social problems ubiquitous in today’s conflict-based news coverage. Some journalists have attempted to address this issue through a style of news labeled solutions journalism. This experiment tests the effects of this increasingly popular approach. Results revealed that discussing an effective solution to a social problem in a news story caused readers to feel less negative and to report more favorable attitudes toward the news article and toward solutions to the problem than when no solution or an ineffective solution was mentioned. Reading about an effective solution did not, however, impact on readers’ behavioral intentions or actual behaviors. This suggests that solution-based journalism might mitigate some harmful effects of negative, conflict-based news, but might not inspire action.     

学与术的和谐量与质的统一——浅论中国传媒业对新闻传播教育的时代要求

我国高校的新闻与传播教育呈现出"超常膨胀"的发展态势,但,在新闻传播学科建设的"急速扩编"和"兴旺繁荣"的背后,却掩藏着人才培养的种种隐忧。由此,新闻类学科建设稳步发展的同时,也要提高其内在的品质,力争实现"学"与"术"的和谐,"量"与"质"的统一,这是中国传媒业对新闻传播教育的时代要求。     

“参与式新闻”对传统新闻生产理念的解构

媒体转型背景下,以“用户生成内容”为核心特征的参与式新闻,因其传播主体的多元化,弥补了传统新闻生产的不足,赋予新闻内容产品新的活力,解构了“内容为王”、新闻价值判断标准等被视为理所当然的传统的新闻生产理念,架设起了一座通往未来新闻的桥梁。     

论文科实验教学特征与实验准备——以新闻传播类专业实验教学准备为例

随着基于信息技术的高等文科教育改革的深入,文科实验教学成为高校人才培养的重要环节。本文以新闻传播类专业实验教学准备为例,总结了高校文科实验教学的特点,探讨了文科实验准备的特征与存在的问题,最后系统论述了有效开展文科实验准备的策略。文章的上述观点对文科实验教学教师与管理技术人员的实验教学与准备具有积极的启发意义。     

Crime Reporters at Work: Investigating the Underworld in Wartime Leeds, 1944-45

ABSTRACT

Crime news was a media staple throughout the twentieth century. What Britons read, heard and watched shaped public understanding of crime, prompted police inquiries and initiated legislation. While we know much about the content of crime news and something of its reception, we know little about its production. This article addresses this known unknown. Using a unique police investigation into press reports of black marketeering and corruption in wartime Leeds, it reveals the investigative methods reporters used and the rules under which they operated.     

Making news of value: exploiting dissonances in economic journalism

This article explores the multiple modes of valuation that pervade newsmaking in economic journalism. It does so by exploring the different ways in which journalists at Valor Econômico, the leading economic newspaper in Brazil, compete and cooperate in the production of news. Valor is a paradigmatic case for discussing valuation practices in newsmaking since its institutional promise is to produce news of value. How, if at all, do Valor journalists embrace the promise of producing news that generates value? Elaborating on Stark’s (2009. The sense of dissonance. Accounts of worth in economic life. Princeton University Press) idea of dissonance, it is contended that different orders of worth collide and cooperate within Valor newsroom. Moreover, journalists engage in a variety of valuation practices through which these orders of worth are shaped, defined, and refined, reflecting different understandings of economy and society, and different conceptions of what journalism is good for. I argue that Valor’s direction intentionally fosters a plural space of value dissonance in order to improve the quality of news reporting. I emphasise, however, that these dissonances are only productive against a larger background of consonance about what actually there is to disagree about. The article is based on a seven-month ethnography of Valor’s newsroom in São Paulo between 2013 and 2015.     

北京体育大学新闻学本科专业建设研究

在北京体育大学确立了为北京奥运会服务的办学任务和成为"211工程"重点建设高校、国内外新闻传播教育面临深刻转型、中国体育传媒正在发生变革的背景下,北京体育大学的新闻学本科专业建设必须理性地应对当前的形势,提出科学的办学思路."大体育、专新闻、泛传播、全媒体"是当前北京体育大学新闻学学科、专业、课程建设的指导思想.