补钙与骨健康的探讨

钙是自然界中存在的一种金属元素;在自然界分布很广,常以化合物的形式存在如石灰石、大理石、石骨等。钙在人体内属于微量元素,钙离子在维持人体循环、呼吸、神经、内分泌、消化、血液、肌肉、骨骼、泌尿、免疫等各系统正常生理功能中起重要调节作用。维持人体所有细胞的正常生理状态,都要依赖钙的存在。对于人体缺钙,以及如何安全补钙尚存在较大的争议。＂如补钙加维生素D与骨折危险＂等。笔者在此根据国内外相关资料和个人的研究对钙在人体中的作用以及补钙争议的一些问题谈几点看法。     

有氧运动对老龄小鼠肾脏脂质过氧化的保护作用

以跑转笼为运动方式,研究从５月龄开始为期８个月的有氧运动对正处于衰老早期的小鼠肾脏氧化与抗氧化水平的影响。结果发现,老龄小鼠肾脂褐素含量明显高于青年鼠,而有氧运动能有效抑制这种现象的出现。有氧运动对肾ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ和Ｃａｔ活性的影响不明显,但可使ＧＳＨ－ｐｘ活性下降。这可能揭示有氧运动通过抑制衰老过程中氧化应激程度的增加,相对增强了肾脏的抗氧化能力,以利于预防或延缓老龄化肾脏功能的过早衰退。     

MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AT THE EARLY STAGE OF CISPLATIN-INDUCED ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN RATS

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＣｉｓ ｄｉａｍｍｉｎｅｄｉｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｌａｔｉｎｕｍ (Ⅱ ) (Ｃｉｓ ｐｌａｔｉｎ)ｉｓａｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄａｎｔｉｎｅｏｐｌａｓｔｉｃａｇｅｎｔｔｈａｔｈａｓｎｅｐｈｒｏｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙａｓａｍａｊｏｒｄｏｓｅ ｌｉｍｉｔｉｎｇｓｉｄｅｅｆｆｅｃｔ.Ｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｆｏｒｍｏｆｃｉｓｐｌａｔｉｎ ｉｎ ｄｕｃｅｄｒｅｎａｌｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙｉｓｎｏｎ ｏｌｉｇｕｒｉｃａｃｕｔｅｒｅｎａｌｆａｉｌｕｒｅ.Ｔｈｅｕｎｄｅｒｌｙｉｎｇｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｔｈｉｓｒｅｎａ…     

Mitochondrial dysfunction at the early stage of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats

The present study was undertaken to clarify the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced acute renal failure at the early stage. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given an intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg cisplatin. 0.9% saline was infused into them at a rate of 2 ml/h for 3 h, starting with a 2-ml bolus injection before cisplatin administration. 3 h following cisplatin administration, no evident morphological abnormalities were found by both light and electron microscopy; there were also no significant changes in GFR. Thirty min after cisplatin injection, urine sodium and potassium excretion increased by 56% and 260% those of the control animals, respectively. Apparent renal mitochondrial respiration dysfunction was observed in cisplatintreated rats 3 h later; the state 4 respiration increased by 100% and state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone-uncoupled respiration decreased by 46%, 74% and 47% of the controls, respectively. The present data suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction may be a very early event in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats.     

AMINO ACIDS' PROTECTIVE EFFECTS ON EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

This study was carried out to elucidate the nephroprotective effects from a mixture of 8 L-amino acids and the possible mechanism of protection by this amino acid mixture. Acute renal failure model was induced by an intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg cisplatin to male Sprague-Dawley rats. A mixture of 8 L-amino acids or 0.9% saline was infused at a rate of 2 ml/h for 3 h, starting with a 2 ml bolus injection before cisplatin administration. Amino acids showed no acute effect on renal morphology. The infusion of a mixture of 8 L-amino acids increased GFR by 85% in control rats. The abnormalities of urine sodium and potassium excretion caused by cisplatin were markedly attenuated by the administration of the amino acid mixture. With the infusion of this amino acid mixture, cisplatin-induced abnormal state 4 respiration returned to control levels and the depressed state 3 respiration, respiratory control ratio and carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone-uncoupled respiration were ameliorated remarkably. A mixture of 8 L-amino acids showed marked nephroprotection against cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rats and might function through augmentation of the cisplatin-injured renal mitochondrial electron transport-oxidative phosphorylation sequence, probably via stabilizing the membrane (including inner mitochondrial membrane) protein tertiary structure. In addition, this amino acid mixture remarkably increased GFR and decreased urine sodium excretion in rats.     

肾脏保存中亚细胞水平上Ca2+浓度的X射线微区分析

应用定量 X射线微区分析技术结合细胞化学技术 ,分析测定用单纯冷冻法保存离体猫肾脏过程中肾脏细胞的胞浆、线粒体、内质网、细胞核等细胞器内的 Ca2 浓度变化 ,并探索钙通道阻滞剂对这种变化的影响 .保存 36h及 72 h后 ,线粒体与胞浆中 Ca的峰背比极显著地提高 ,内质网、细胞核中 Ca颗粒减少 .添加 Verapamil后 ,保存过程中细胞器内 Ca2 无显著变化 .线粒体中的Ca峰背比与胞浆中的呈强的正相关 ,r=0 .990 .实验结果揭示 :保存过程中 ,Ca2 由 Ca库 (内质网等 )进入胞浆中 ,线粒体在胞浆 Ca2 浓度高时摄取 Ca2 ,而钙通道阻滞剂可抑制该过程     

体外冲击波碎石后Page肾10例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨体外冲击波碎石(ESWL)治疗与Page肾之间的关系。方法:对接受ESWL治疗后发生Page肾的10例患者的治疗经过进行回顾性分析,并结合文献复习。结果:10例患者都是在上世纪的80年代中后期接受了ESWL治疗,与当时ESWL治疗的适应症掌握不当及震波电压过高有一定关系。结论:ESWL治疗泌尿系结石的晚期后遗症值得关注,Page肾是其中最常见的后遗症之一,随着ESWL治疗的广泛开展,由此引起的Page肾发病率将会增高。     

疏筋壮骨功提高人体机能的医学观察

对28例练习疏筋壮骨功者3个月前后的部分指标进行了测定,论证了提高人体有关系统机能的方法及原因,为指导人们更好地练功提供了参考依据。     

不同负荷游泳对大鼠肾脏滤过屏障形态结构和功能影响的研究

目的:探讨不同负荷游泳对大鼠肾脏形态结构和功能的影响。方法:SD大鼠40只,随机分为对照组(10只)、有氧训练组(10只)、过度训练组(20只)。用自由游泳和负重游泳法造模12周后处死,取血液进行生化指标检测;同时取肾皮质进行光镜和电镜观察。结果:长期有氧训练后,滤过屏障出现面积增大,足突肿大变短等改变;而长期过度训练后出现滤过屏障面积减少,有孔内皮损害,足突融合等性改变。结论:1)有氧训练使滤过屏障发生适应性改变;过度训练使滤过屏障发生病理性损害。2)过度训练可能是运动导致肾功能衰竭的原因之一。3)血液生化指标无显著差异,可能与滤过屏障不同的形态结构改变有关。     

未受控制的高血糖对2型糖尿病患者粘附分子的影响（英文）

目的:评估可溶性血管细胞间黏附分子(s VCAM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子(s ICAM-1)、可溶性选择素E和可溶性血栓调节蛋白在血糖控制良好和不受控制的2型糖尿病患者中的水平。创新点:对2型糖尿病患者的血管内皮炎症标记物进行评估。方法:62例糖尿病患者分成两组:第一组包括35个血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者,第二组包括27个未控制血糖并伴有微蛋白尿的糖尿病患者。对照组由25名健康志愿者组成。测定血浆中s VCAM-1、s ICAM-1、可溶性选择素E和可溶性血栓调节蛋白的浓度,同时测定血清肌酐及血浆中空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)的浓度。结论:与血糖控制良好的糖尿病组相比,未控制血糖组具有相对低的ICAM-1水平和更高的VCAM-1水平。未控制血糖组中患者的糖化血红蛋白和ICAM-1之间呈正相关,肾小球滤过率和可溶性选择素E之间呈正相关,而肌酐和ICAM-1之间呈负相关。研究证实2型糖尿病的发病机理中炎症过程的出现与血管内皮功能受损有关。未受控制的高血糖对粘附分子的反向作用表明,在糖尿病的并发症中VCAM-1和ICAM-1具有不同功能。