家鼠型EHFV台41株在沙鼠肾原代细胞上产生血凝素的研究

研究结果表明，家鼠型ＥＨＦＶ台４１第四代细胞传代株在沙鼠肾原代细胞上测得病毒ＴＣＩＤ＿（５０）为１０￣（６．５）／ｍｌ，血凝素滴度达１：５１２．影响血凝素滴度的主要因素有单层细胞的密度，病毒的接种量，血凝素收获的时间和血凝的最适ｐＨ值。     

戊二醛置换法对大鼠冷冻保存肾脏超微结构的影响

探讨戊二醛置换法在不同复温方法下对液氮低温保存大鼠肾脏超微结构的影响。新鲜大鼠肾脏组织液氮保存3个月后,随机分为2组采用不同的复温方法。第1组标本直接放入4%的戊二醛溶液中在4℃冰箱内固定24 h复温;第2组标本先置入-80℃冰箱复温72 h,再放入4%的戊二醛溶液中在4℃内固定24 h复温。2组标本经常规透射电镜样品制备后,电镜下对超薄切片进行观察。结果表明,第1组样品中出现肾小球和肾小管细胞核异染色质边集、部分线粒体内室肿胀;第2组肾小球和肾小管细胞超微结构保存良好。提示低温保存的大鼠肾脏标本于-80℃冰箱复温72 h后,再置入4%的戊二醛溶液中在4℃内复温24 h,可以良好地保存细胞超微结构。结果表明,采用梯度复温戊二醛固定液置换法是液氮低温冷冻固定组织标本进行超微结构观察的一种简便易行的有效复温固定方法,对临床和研究室开展电镜研究具有实际的应用价值。     

A qualitative assessment of human cadavers embalmed by Thiel's method used in laparoscopic training for renal resection

Human cadaveric tissue is the fundamental substrate for basic anatomic and surgical skills training. A qualitative assessment of the use of human cadavers preserved by Thiel's method for a British Association of Urological Surgeons-approved, advanced laparoscopic renal resection skills training course is described in the present study. Four trainees and four experienced laparoscopic surgeons participated in the course. All participants completed a five-point Likert scale satisfaction questionnaire after their training sessions. The quality of cadaveric tissue and the training session were assessed with particular emphasis placed on the ease of patient positioning, the ease of trocar placement, the preservation of tissue planes, the ease of renal pedicle dissection, and the quality of tissue preservation. All of the participants highly rated the quality of the cadaveric tissue embalmed by Thiel's method (mean scores for quality on the five-point Likert scale were 4.5 and 4.3 by the trainees and experienced laparoscopic surgeons, respectively). All of the steps of laparoscopic renal resection were rated 4.0 or more on the Likert scale by both trainees and faculty members. The initial response rates for using a human cadaver embalmed by Thiel's method as a training tool for laparoscopic nephrectomy showed encouraging results. The performance of a laparoscopic nephrectomy on a human cadaver embalmed by Thiel's method bears close resemblance to real laparoscopic nephrectomy procedures, and thus demonstrates added advantages to the previously reported models.     

肾脏和股骨铅蓄积多元素综合指标探讨

目的:通过对血液中多元素与肾铅、股骨铅关系的分析,探讨能够准确反映肾脏、股骨铅蓄积的综合指标。方法:选取健康的4周龄雄性SD大鼠75只,随机分成25组,采取大剂量范围,小浓度间隔的染毒方法。实验开始后,于第40、80、120天分别从各组随机选取1只大鼠,经乙醚麻醉后股动脉取血,并收集肾脏、股骨,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定元素含量。结果:血铅、肾铅、股骨铅浓度随染毒剂量的增加而发生变化,但变化趋势各不相同;血铅浓度与肾铅、股骨铅浓度之间的相关性随染毒周期而变化;血液中其他元素的浓度或浓度比值与肾铅、股骨铅之间的相关有统计学意义,且相关系数均高于单一元素与肾铅、股骨铅间的相关系数。结论:单一血铅指标在反映脏器铅蓄积水平有一定的局限性;多元素综合指标则有可能成为估算脏器铅蓄积水平的有力工具。     

瘦素及其临床意义

瘦素是一种蛋白激素,对调节体重、新陈代谢、生育功能有重要影响,具有广泛的生物学意义.在临床上瘦素浓度还被发现和肥胖症、心血管疾病、Ⅱ型糖尿病、不育症、骨质疏松、肾脏病、骨关节炎、脂肪肝和乳腺癌等许多疾病有关联.     

注射用丹参多酚酸对缺血性脑卒中患者的安全性评价

目的 观察注射用丹参多酚酸对缺血性脑卒中患者的生命体征和肝、肾功能变化状况,评价该药物在临床应用中的安全性.方法 将40例缺血性脑卒中患者根据其合并用药情况分为无合并用药组（A组,8例）、合并使用降压药组（B组,12例）和合并使用治疗脑梗死口服药物（C组,20例）3个组,对所有患者连续静脉滴注丹参多酚酸14天,在患者用药前和用药结束后3天内分别进行常规体格检查和肝、肾功能检测,并对结果进行分析.结果 40例患者3个组别,组内比较时,患者生命体征和肝肾功能指标用药前后的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.组间两两比较时,除了B组与C组患者用药后的舒张压、A组与B组患者用药后的肝功能ALT,差异具有统计学意义;其余组间比较,患者生命体征和肝肾功能指标用药前后,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 注射用丹参多酚酸对缺血性脑卒中患者的生命体征和肝、肾功能影响甚小,该药物在临床应用中比较安全.     

Bardet–Biedl Syndrome: A Rare Cause of Chronic Kidney Disease

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly, central obesity, and renal involvement. Renal failure is the commonest cause of death. We report a case of BBS with chronic kidney disease (CKD) at younger age (17 year) from India. This diagnosis should be considered in patients with renal disease and the characteristic phenotype of retinitis pigmentosa, postaxial polydactyly and central obesity. These patients should undergo regular monitoring of renal function test to early diagnosis and treatment of CKD to prevent morbidity and mortality. Renal transplantation is a viable option of renal replacement therapy in these patients. These findings are valuable for comparing phenotype of BBS patients with CKD from various national and international centers.     

运动对肾脏心钠素受体基因表达的影响

为探讨运动对肾脏心钠素受体基因表达的影响，在不同强度运动训练动物模型的基础上，用免疫荧光组织化学法、原位杂交、激光共聚焦扫描显微镜和计算机图像分析技术，显示肾脏心钠素受体的分布和运动对肾脏心钠素受体基因表达的变化特点。结果表明，在肾小球、肾小管和集合管均显示有心钠素受体，其分布密度以近曲小管和集合管最丰富。运动使肾脏A型心钠素受体基因表达上调，C型心钠素受体基因表达下调。随着运动强度的增加，A型心钠素受体基因表达的变化不明显，而C型心钠素受体基因的下调更为突出，提示运动对肾脏心钠素受体基因表达的影响主要在C型心钠素受体基因调控水平，以降低心钠素的清除率，增加心钠素的水平，增强心钠素对肾脏的生物效应，增强肾脏在运动中的调节作用。     

Peritoneal dialysis for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a retrospective study

To describe the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) who are on peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. We performed a retrospective matched-cohort analysis comparing the clinical outcomes of 30 ADPKD patients with those of 30 non-diabetic patients who had bilateral small kidneys between July 1 2007 and July 31 2014. The patient groups were matched by age, gender, and time of PD initiation. There were no significant differences in the demographic or biochemical parameters, comorbid conditions, residual glomerular filtration rate, or Charlson comorbidity score at the beginning of PD. The median renal volume was 1315 ml for the ADPKD group and 213 ml for the control group. Patients with ADPKD had similar 3-year patient survival (90.6% versus 86.3%, P=0.807) and technique survival (89.2% versus 74.3%, P=0.506) compared with non-ADPKD patients. Also, there was no significant difference in the peritonitis-free survival between the ADPKD and control groups (P=0.22), and rates of peritonitis were similar (0.19 versus 0.21 episodes per patient-year, P=0.26). No differences were observed in the incidence of PD-related complications, such as hernia and dialysate leak. ADPKD is not a contraindication for PD, and a subgroup of ADPKD patients with relatively small kidney volume can be treated using PD.     

地塞米松可以减少由重症急性胰腺炎引起的肾脏微血管内皮糖萼的损伤（英文）

目的:明确地塞米松可以减少重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)引起的肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的释放,减轻TNF-α导致的肾脏血管内皮糖萼的降解,从而改善肾脏微循环和缓解肾损伤。创新点:本研究通过小鼠活体研究的方法,建立小鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型,并用地塞米松进行干预对照,采用透射电镜、激光多谱勒和酶联免疫的方法,检测了各组小鼠肾脏血管内皮糖萼的完整性、肾血流灌注和TNF-α表达情况,阐明了地塞米松对内皮糖萼的保护作用。方法:通过"胰管结扎+腹腔内雨蛙素注射"的方法建立SAP模型,分别留取各组小鼠的血液和组织标本,采用透射电镜观察内皮糖萼的损伤情况,用酶联免疫检测血清TNF-α和糖萼成份多配体聚糖的浓度,并用激光多谱勒检测活体小鼠肾脏的灌注,分析地塞米松对内皮糖萼的保护和改善肾脏灌注的作用。结论:SAP可以引起TNF-α的大量释放,并导致内皮糖萼的降解和肾脏灌注下降,而地塞米松可以减少TNF-α的释放,减轻糖萼的降解,改善肾脏血流灌注。