Different Disciplines Require Different Motivations for Student Success

This article reports an investigation of undergraduate motivation to learn. A Likert-type rating scale measure of motivation incorporated the general motivational dimensions identified by previous investigators, as well as a systematic theoretical framework that is more novel, and attempts to acknowledge the role of discipline-specific factors in motivation to learn. The motivation questionnaire was evaluated by measuring its success in explaining the academic achievement of biology, history, computing, planning, anthropology, geology, food science and nutrition, and education students (n = 380) in standard university assessments. The findings reveal that student performance is better explained by within- than across-discipline indexes of motivation, probably because some types of motivation lead to success in some disciplines but failure in others. Furthermore, items based on the theoretical framework developed to underpin the questionnaire (which distinguishes outcome from process incentives) were also found to explain more variation in student performance than general motivation items. Some practical implications of the findings are considered.     

University,Knowledge and Regional Development: Factors Affecting Knowledge Transfer in a Developing Region

The role of knowledge in the current knowledge economy cannot be overly emphasised. Successful regions are continuously being linked to excellence in the production, accumulation, and application of knowledge. Universities have increasingly been at the centre of such knowledge production, application and transfer. Yet, there is little research and evidence in this regard pertaining to less developed countries. The paper aims to fill this gap. The study uses the conceptual notion of knowledge transfer to interrogate the engagement level between the university and its region. Using a qualitative approach comprising the use of primary and secondary data, the authors capture some of the factors affecting knowledge transfer. Highlighting both supply-side and demand-side factors, the authors argue in favour of a nuanced and complex negotiation of the knowledge-development interface between universities as knowledge producers and regional stakeholders as knowledge users. Such negotiations should take cognisance of local realities.     

浅谈“知识结构”教学

“知识结构”教学是理论与实践结合的产物。学科的基本结构是由一系列概念、原理、及理论所构成的该学科的知识体系。运用布鲁纳的学习理论，教学中从知识的细胞——概念入手，讲透概念，理清线索，进而形成学科的知识体系。如此，由小结构到大结构，使知识逐步系统化。     

组织成员知识共享的动机和激励机制分析

知识共享是知识管理的先决条件,要实现有效的知识管理首先必须实现知识的有效共享。影响知识共享的因素是多方面的,既有技术、资源、制度和文化方面的因素,也有个体心理方面的因素。因此从个体心理角度出发,分析寻求影响组织成员知识共享行为的心理因素,进而针对影响知识共享行为的这些因素,探索建立促进知识共享的激励机制,对于实现有效的知识共享具有非常重要的现实意义。     

知识经济时代高校档案的现代化管理

知识经济时代推动了高校档案的现代化管理进程。加大档案现代化管理的投入是做好档案工作的基本条件；加强档案现代化队伍建设是做好档案工作的根本保证；加快档案现代化管理进程，是做好档案工作的必要途径。     

School English,literature and the knowledge-base question

This article takes up questions about knowledge and the school curriculum with respect to literary studies within subject English. Its intention is to focus on literary studies in English from the context of current waves of curriculum reform, rather than as part of the conversations primarily within the field of English, to raise questions about the knowledge agenda, and the knowledge-base agenda for teaching and teacher education. The selection of texts and form of study of literature within the English curriculum has long been an area of controversy. Without assuming a particular position on knowledge in this area, this article shows that important questions of what knowledge-base teachers are expected to bring to their work are elided both in current regulations and debates, and in research on ‘good teaching’ in this area. If ‘literary studies’ (as a discipline or university major) is itself an unstable and changing field, what kind of knowledge does a good English teacher bring to their work? This paper takes up these questions in the context of the Australian Curriculum and standards for teacher registration, but it also points to the way these issues about knowledge are of broader relevance for researchers and teacher education.     

英语教学中如何实施文化背景知识教学

语言有着丰富的文化内涵。在英语教学中,文化主要指英语国家的历史,地理,风土人情,传统习俗,宗教信仰,生活方式,行为规范和价值观念等。针对忽视文化背景知识所造成的英语教学和教材中的问题,本文将从听、说、读、写、译五个方面浅谈如何在英语教学中灌输英语国家文化背景知识,而不是简单地教授语言知识和技能,从而实现跨文化交际教学法。只有这样学生才能在英语学习中具有全球视野,不仅学到英语语言知识,而且学到文化背景知识。     

浅谈哲学思维的培养对高等教育的意义

哲学思维的特征和我国高等教育的目标决定了哲学思维的培养对高等教育具有举足轻重的作用，因而高等教育不仅要在知识技能层面把学生培养成有各种分门别类的具体知识和技能的专门人才，而且要注重在思维层面以哲学思维来影响、塑造学生。这样才能实现我国高等教育的目标，培养出不局限于功利意义的真正人才。     

构建新世纪体育教师知识体系的思考

针对当前体育教师知识体系落后于时代发展，专业知识偏而窄，知识结构不合理，特别是教育类知识，化知识比较薄弱，而且对一些边缘学科知识、前沿科学学习不够，从事具体工作的技能偏低等现状，提出了构建和培育新世纪体育教师知识体系的设想．体育教师首先要确立终身学习观念，在学好专业知识的同时，还应注意技能方面的锻炼，加强对相关学科和先进科学的学习和研究，努力掌握和运用现代教育和科研技术手段，提高自己教学、科研水平和人素养．     

公共课教育学知识结构优化的思考

教育学是各级各类师范院校学生的必修课程 ,公共课教育学的改革应深入到教育学知识结构的优化中 ,为此 ,必须确定公共课教育学合理的课程目标 ,运用科学的方法和程序来选择和组织该学科的知识 ,更新观念和内容 ,使其知识组合结构化。