基于协同标注的科研社区知识融合机制研究

网络科研社区是现代科学研究依托的新环境和新平台,是满足虚拟协同科研范式的必要条件。科研社区的本质是要为分布于网络各个终端节点的专家提供一个协同工作的环境,实现知识的共享与交流,最终激发学术灵感,促进知识的不断创新。文章试图通过引入知识因子的概念,在知识的提交、知识因子的抽取、关联和汇聚这4个阶段从微观层面分析知识融合的生物特性,进而根据网络社区成员协作的不同实现形式提出以促进专家知识创新为目标的基于协同标注的知识融合实现机制。     

基于社会网络分析的企业内部知识专家的识别

隐性知识的难以评价,使得企业内部知识网络中的关键人物不易识别。为了识别对企业内部知识传播起关键作用的员工,探讨利用社会网络分析中的点出度、特征向量、权力指数、中间度等指标识别知识传播网络中的知识专家。结合案例分析说明知识专家识别的过程和结果,并对各指标的特点和效果进行总结。     

知识管理学与相关学科的联系与区别

从学科定义、学科研究目标、学科研究方法和内容体系等方面着手,对知识管理学、知识学、知识社会学、知识工程学进行分析梳理,以期得出知识管理学与这些学科的联系与区别。     

知识管理的社会生态研究

提出知识管理社会生态概念,强调知识管理与社会生态环境相互协调和共生的关系,在此基础上,构建由社会个体、社会群落、社会网络和社会文化4个要素构成的知识管理社会生态模型,并探讨4要素的特点及相互关系。     

虚拟企业中组织间知识共享的动力机制新探

虚拟企业中组织间的知识共享有着自己的动力构成,在这个动力构成中,包含着三个动力要素:知识差的引发、利益的驱动和环境的激励。这三个动力要素分别存在于知识共享对象、知识共享主体和知识共享环境中,它们之间彼此联系,相互作用,形成了一个统一的动力机制,由此推动着虚拟企业组织间知识共享的运行。     

基于知识更新的企业合作演化博弈分析

运用演化博弈论的方法,建立企业间合作演化博弈模型,研究知识更新对企业合作策略选择的影响。模型分析表明,企业均选择合作策略的概率与知识更新的收益系数及相互间的信任水平正相关,与知识更新的合作成本系数和风险系数负相关。在此基础上,提出了激励企业通过知识网络开展合作的策略建议。     

The impact of academic patenting on university research and its transfer

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of academic patenting on publishing and knowledge transfer. Drawing upon two separate surveys of academics, and their CV information, we provide empirical evidence for UK academics in engineering and physical sciences. The contribution of this paper is two-fold. First, our findings show that (the intensity of) academic patenting complements publishing up to a certain level of patenting output, after which we find evidence of a substitution effect. We also find weak evidence of important differences across scientific fields with the more basic-oriented fields showing indications of a crowding-out effect. Second, our analysis of the potential impact of patenting on knowledge transfer shows a positive correlation between the stock of patents and engagement in knowledge transfer channels. However, we find that a substitution effect sets in, indicating an inverted U-shaped relationship between patenting and several knowledge transfer channels.     

When ‘national innovation system’ meet ‘varieties of capitalism’ arguments on labour qualifications: On the skill types and scientific knowledge needed for radical and incremental product innovations

The literatures on ‘varieties of capitalism’ (VoC) and ‘national innovation systems’ (NIS) propose very similar arguments about how firms require different types of labour qualifications to pursue strategies of radical product innovation (RPI), incremental product innovation (IPI), and product imitation (PI) respectively. Despite their similar lines of reasoning, however, the VoC scholars are concerned with the skill profiles of a firm's entire workforce, whereas the NIS proponents focus on the knowledge base of scientists. Given that both literatures have developed without explicitly taking the arguments of the neighbouring discipline into account, it is thus unclear whether they explain the same, or different, phenomena. Furthermore, both literatures propose firm level arguments but test them on the basis of macro- rather than micro-level indicators. This paper therefore asks: first, does micro-level evidence support the VoC and NIS arguments that particular types of employee skills and knowledge backgrounds of scientists are needed for different competitive strategies? And, if so, do RPI, IPI, and PI firms need to employ scientists in combination with a workforce having the respective qualifications, or is it sufficient if scientists or employees alone are adequately qualified. Quantitative analyses indicate that a particular mix of scientific knowledge combined with employee skills facilitate RPI, IPI, and PI strategies. The article thus concludes that - despite their similar reasoning - the VoC and the NIS literatures indeed describe different phenomena, without being aware of the synergies created whenever adequate employee and scientific qualifications are hired together.     

Conserving indigenous knowledge as the key to the current and future use of traditional vegetables

Indigenous knowledge erodes rapidly. When the loss of this knowledge negatively affects the lives and health of traditionally living rural communities, a drive to conserve indigenous knowledge becomes vital. This article argues that the transfer of indigenous knowledge on traditional vegetables will ensure the availability and utilisation of this important food source for resource-poor rural communities. Data collected on the present use of traditional vegetables at a rural Xhosa village in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa documented indigenous practices of traditional vegetable use and measured attitudes and perceptions of young women. Findings revealed that although traditional vegetables are readily available, there is a decline in the use of traditional vegetables in this village. Since the loss of associated indigenous knowledge is a reality, and in view of the negative attitude towards traditional vegetables, future use of this valuable food source is threatened. The transfer of the associated indigenous knowledge holds the key to the potential future use of traditional vegetables. Altered perceptions of traditional vegetables are crucial for the conservation of the associated indigenous knowledge. As a result awareness campaigns to promote the use of traditional vegetables, related nutritional education, including proper cooking and preservation techniques are necessary.     

虚拟社区知识共享的动因分析——基于嵌入性理论的分析模型

以嵌入性理论为基础,构建了“认知-关系-文化嵌入性”的概念模型,从认知、关系和文化3个方面分析虚拟社区知识共享的动因,认为认知嵌入性、关系嵌入性和文化嵌入性有助于社区认同的建立,社区认同会促使个体分享自己的知识;关系嵌入性有助于信任的产生,信任会直接影响到个体的知识共享行为;文化嵌入性会直接影响到个体的知识共享行为;3种嵌入性之间相互作用,影响到虚拟社区中个体的知识分享行为。将嵌入性理论引入到虚拟社区知识共享的研究中,有助于更好地理解这种行为背后的动因．促进虚拟社区的发展和知识管理理论的深化。