提高大型仪器设备使用效益的几点措施

针对目前高校大型仪器设备的使用现状,根据大型仪器设备使用效益的评价体系,从对大型仪器设备采购前的论证工作和正常运行后的管理工作等几个方面,提出了提高大型仪器设备使用效益的几点措施。     

A meta-analysis on the relationship between school characteristics and student outcomes in science and maths – evidence from large-scale studies

ABSTRACT

In the present meta-analysis, we examine how secondary school characteristics – such as schools’ academic press, school climate, material resources, personnel resources, classroom climate, instructional practices, out-of-school activities, and socioeconomic status (SES) composition – provide opportunities for students to engage in science and maths, and how these matter with regard to students’ cognitive and motivational-affective outcomes. The meta-analysis includes 71 (international) articles from large-scale studies with a total of 3,960,281 students, 260,390 schools, and 285 effect sizes that were transformed to correlation coefficients. Multilevel meta-analyses were performed. Results identified a number of school variables that can be regarded as relevant for making a difference in student outcomes and at the same time be influenced by education. These refer to school variables such schools’ academic press, classroom climate, instructional practices, and out-of-school activities. Moreover, SES composition was significantly related to student outcomes. Material and personnel resources as well as school climate yielded a close to zero effect. No differences were found between cognitive and motivational-affective outcome variables or between science and maths. The results point to the most promising school characteristics for promoting students’ outcomes and emphasise schools’ potential for students’ engagement in science and maths.     

提高大型仪器设备投资效益的实践与探索

从调查研究入手，了解和掌握大型仪器管理的现状，找出存在的不足和问题，提出解决问题的对策，探索加强大型仪器管理的新路子。     

《化工仪表及自动化》中的教学改革与实践

在当前高校教育不断改革和发展的形式下,《化工仪表及自动化》作为化工工艺专业的基础课,教学内容、教学方法、教学手段及实践环节等方面均存在着一些问题,为提高教学效果和质量,本文提出了对上述各项进行教学改革的方法和措施。     

International large-scale assessments: what uses,what consequences?

Abstract

Background: International large-scale assessments (ILSAs) are a much-debated phenomenon in education. Increasingly, their outcomes attract considerable media attention and influence educational policies in many jurisdictions worldwide. The relevance, uses and consequences of these assessments are often the focus of research scrutiny. Whilst some argue that the assessment outcomes provide an effective basis for informed policy-making, critics claim that the use of international assessment data can result in a range of unintended consequences, such as the shaping and governing of school systems ‘by numbers’.

Purpose: This article explores and analyses the arguments about the uses and consequences of ILSAs. In particular, the discourse about the assessments’ consequential validity will be discussed and evaluated.

Sources of evidence: Literature relating to the uses and consequences of large-scale assessment was analysed, with a focus on research on the consequential aspects of validity.

Main argument: Much research suggests that ILSAs have unintended consequences that affect and influence educational policy. However, the influences on educational policy are complex and interwoven: for example, it is not clear-cut whether effects such as converging curricular are, necessarily, direct consequences of large-scale assessments. Further, it is suggested that a beneficial consequence of large-scale assessment is the infrastructure they provide for studies in the social sciences, although caution must be applied to causal claims, in particular because of the cross-sectional design of the assessments.

Conclusions: The considerable literature discussing the uses and consequences of large-scale assessments tends to point out potential negative aspects of the studies. However, it is also apparent that large-scale international assessments can be a valuable resource for studying global trends and evolving systems in education. Despite the extensive debates around large-scale assessment outcomes both in the media and in educational policy arenas, empirical educational research all too often appears underused in the discussion.     

试谈语言实验室管理的基本要求

语言实验室是外语教学的重要手段．语言教学设备面向的是教师、学生和管理人员，使用与管理的优劣决定设备的寿命，提高使用与管理者的素质是用好管好设备的关键．只有严格地执行管理制度，采取完善的管理措施，以及保持师生间友善的沟通与交流，才能使语言实验室在教学中更好地发挥作用．     

西方概念工具与中国传统文化资源--谈近代中国启蒙学者对民主思想的认识

中国自近代以来开始了对民主的追求,梁启超、严复等启蒙思想家向中国引入了西方的民主思想,他们提出的民权、自由、开设议院的思想具有重大的进步意义。但由于当时中国处于民族危机的关键时刻及中西政治文化上存在的巨大差异,他们无法摆脱中国传统文化资源的束缚,只能将西方的民主作为概念工具,通过与中国传统文化资源的结合,形成独特的民主思想。     

法拉第电磁感应定律演示仪研究

阐述了法拉第电磁感应定律演示仪的结构、原理、用途、制作说明及使用方法.     

论行政执法工具的规范化

行政执行工具的规范化包括行政执法工具名称的规范化、行政执法工具类别的规范化、行政执法工具使用环节的规范化、行政执法工具承受对象的规范化。对行政执法工具的限制是我国行政法治不可缺少的一个环节，然而，我国现行行政立法在规范行政权时疏于对行政执法工具的规范，致行政执法工具规则要么就事论事、要么内容无序、要么操作性弱等。为此，必须加强行政执法工具的法律控制，使行政执法工具的使用制度化、行政执法工具与行政主体的职权对应化、行政执法工具的运用程序化、行政执法工具的不当使用责任化。     

"尺八" 小考

始名于唐代的吹管乐器尺八（后称南音洞箫）沿袭到南宋，并传到日本，至今仍“隐居”在南音中，流行于福建闽南以及台湾省等地。它在南音及闽南语系的芗剧、梨园戏、高甲戏、台湾歌仔戏中是非常重要的乐器之一。