基于相对全变分的复杂背景SAR图像舰船尾迹检测

SAR图像舰船尾迹检测不仅能够反演运动舰船的航速航向信息,也有助于发现图像中弱小的舰船目标。现有的舰船尾迹检测方法对于简单背景SAR图像的检测效果较好,但复杂背景下的检测效果难以满足使用要求。提出一种基于能量泛函极小化的复杂背景SAR图像舰船尾迹检测方法。该方法采用相对全变分技术将图像分解为包含舰船尾迹的光滑成分和海背景纹理成分,通过剪切波变换高频系数重构增强光滑成分,再通过Radon变换检测光滑成分中的尾迹线。比对实验结果表明,本文所提方法对于复杂背景SAR图像的舰船尾迹检测效果明显优于现有的方法。     

A color image segmentation method as used in the study of ancient monument decay

In the cultural heritage area, it is of fundamental importance to characterize and classify the conservation state of the materials constituting ancient monuments, in order to study and monitor their decay. Generally, the decay diagnosis is provided by “naked eye” analysis done by expert scientists “walking around” the artifact and recording the conservation state of each individual element they observe. In this paper, a color image segmentation approach, based on histogram threshold and edge detection techniques is presented, to extract degradation regions, characterized by holes or cavities, from color images of stone-materials. The goal is to provide an aid to the decay diagnosis by segmenting degraded regions from color images, computing quantitative data, such as the area and perimeter of the extracted zones, and processing qualitative information, such as various levels of depth detected into the same zones. Since color is a powerful tool in the distinction between objects, a segmentation technique based on color, instead of intensity only, has been used to provide a clearer discrimination between regions. The study case concerns the impressive remains of the Roman Theatre in the city of Aosta (Italy). In particular, we have processed and analyzed some color images of the theatre puddingstones, acquired by a camera.     

A deficit in rime awareness in children with Down syndrome

This paper reports 3 studies comparing thereading and phonological skills of childrenwith Down syndrome (DS) and younger normallydeveloping children of similar reading level.In Study 1, the two groups did not differ insight word or nonword reading, but the childrenwith DS did marginally less well on syllablesegmentation, rhyme and phoneme detectiontasks. Group differences in syllable andphoneme awareness appeared attributable todifferences in verbal ability (BPVS, vocabularyknowledge); however, a significant impairmentin rhyme detection remained in an analysis ofsub-groups equated in vocabulary knowledge. Thedeficit in rhyme observed in DS was replicatedin Studies 2 and 3 using simplified tests ofrhyme judgement, with the majority of childrenwith DS performing at chance on the rhymemeasures. In contrast, the two groups did notdiffer in their ability to detect phonemes inany of the 3 studies and performed above chancein initial phoneme detection and alliterationjudgement tasks, although the identification offinal phonemes was at a much lower level. Correlational analyses indicated a relationshipbetween phonological skills and reading inboth groups. However, for children with DS,letter-sound knowledge did not predict readingwhereas it did for normal controls. It issuggested that children with DS do not possessfull phoneme awareness; although they canidentify initial phonemes in words, they do notunderstand phoneme invariance and may rely lesson phonological skills for reading thancontrols.     

脱氮硫杆菌检测方法和应用研究进展

脱氮硫杆菌作为自养反硝化菌的代表菌种,由于其不同于常规废水脱氮的异养反硝化过程可节省碳源而得到关注。文章介绍脱氮硫杆菌的反硝化功能基因和主要的硫氧化功能基因,分析自养反硝化菌的群落分布特征,对目前脱氮硫杆菌的检测方法和应用现状进行综述,讨论目前研究中存在的问题及今后的研究趋势,以期为进一步研究自养反硝化菌群落结构提供参考。     

离散描述系统干扰解耦状态观测器设计及鲁棒故障诊断

对一类带有未知输入干扰的离散描述系统,提出了一种新型的干扰解耦状态观测器;对一类带有未知输入干扰和有界不确定性的离散描述系统,以状态观测器为基础,利用故障信号与观测误差之间的关系,构造了一种带有未知输入干扰的离散描述系统的鲁棒故障诊断方法.该方法不但能够检测系统中是否出现故障,而且还可以估计出故障的幅值大小.文中还讨论了阈值的选取、该算法能检测到的最小故障信号和故障信号的估计误差,其仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

软判决协作频谱感知的最优判决门限(英文)

为了获得认知无线电系统更高的频谱利用效率,基于最小总错误概率准则推导了软判决协作频谱感知最优判决门限的闭合表达式,并且分析了各种频谱感知参数对最优判决门限的影响.理论分析表明,所提出的最优门限可以获得虚警概率和漏检概率2种性能指标的折中.从仿真结果可以看出,平均信噪比和软判决方案对最优判决门限影响较大,而样本数量对最优的判决门限几乎无影响.对于MRC和MDC两种软判决方案,随着协作用户数量的增加,最优判决门限值随之增加并且趋近于某一极限值.而对于EGC软判决方案,协作用户数对其最优门限值影响很小.     

基于微芯片电泳-电化学方法的细胞内谷胱甘肽分析

建立微芯片电泳-电化学检测技术分析细胞内还原型（GSH）和氧化型（GSSG）谷胱甘肽的新方法. 分别考察缓冲液pH值、缓冲液浓度、SDS浓度、分离电压、进样时间、检测电位等因素对GSH、GSSG分离检测的影响. 在最优实验条件下,在3 min内实现GSH和GSSG的有效分离和检测. GSH和GSSG的线性范围分别为5.0~200.0 μmol/L和2.0~100.0 μmol/L（R²>0.99）,最低检测限（S/N≥3）分别为4.87 μmol/L和1.98 μmol/L. 最终将所建立的方法应用于细胞样品中2种物质含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

基于MUGG的轨迹建模与异常检测

构建视频场景中目标轨迹分布的概率模型--混合单边广义高斯模型,通过计算目标轨迹的信息量分析目标轨迹是否异常.该方法不依赖场景的先验知识,模型建立过程无监督,且模型能实时更新以适应时变环境.实验表明,该方法的有效性和鲁棒性,具有一定的应用价值.     

Iris Localization Algorithm Based on Improved Generalized Symmetry Transform

Accuracy and fastness of iris localization are very important in automatic iris recognition. A new fast iris localization algorithm based on improved generalized symmetry transform (GST) was proposed by utilizing iris symmetry. GST was improved in three aspects: 1 ) A new distance weight function is defined. The new weight function, which is effective in iris localization, utilized the characteristic of irises that the iris is a circular object and it has one inner boundary and one outer boundary. 2) Each calculation of the symmetry measurement of a pair of symmetry points was performed by taking one point of a pair as the starting point of the transformation. This is the most important reason for fast iris localization, due to which, repetitious computation was largely excluded. 3) A new phase weight function was proposed to adjust GST to locate circle target much better because the inner part of iris is darker than the outer part. The edge map of iris image was acquired and GST was only implemented on the edge point, which decreased computation without loss of accuracy. The modification of distance weight function and phase weight function leads to the accuracy of localization, and other ideass peed up the localization. Experiments show that the average speed of new algorithm is about 7.0-8.5 times as high as traditional ones including integro-differential operator and Hough transform method.     

融合深度学习的无人驾驶多目标检测算法

目标检测是目前计算机视觉领域非常热门的研究方向,是无人驾驶技术重要环节。为提高行车过程中目标检测精度并改善基于单发多目标检测器在训练时出现的正负样本失衡问题,基于车载视频,运用深度学习算法中具有强大性能的SSD模型,通过引入Focal Loss函数设计新的损失函数,解决样本失衡问题;同时在不降低检测速率的情况下,提高检测精度。基于自行采集的车载视频数据集进行实验,结果表明,改进后SSD模型的mAP相较于原始SSD模型提高了3%,达到74%。