大战中的热烈与冷静——民初十年《东方杂志》民族主义观评析

1912-1922年间,杜亚泉为代表的知识分子群体以《东方杂志》为舞台,集中地表达了他们的民族主义思想。他们倡导的和平、民主、文化的国家主义思想有合理可贵的积极价值,是中国现代民族主义思想史上的重要资源。     

Nations in shame and art’s shame: towards a radical politics of image and affect around “Okinawa”

ABSTRACT

This article first examines the resurgence of popular, semi-academic nationalist discourses that solidify the figures of “Japan” and “Okinawa” within post-1945 U.S.-led formation of nation-states across the Asia-Pacific. It critiques two discourses that are symptomatic of such a return to the figure of the nation: developmental economist Matsushima Yasukatsu’s thesis of “Ryukyu’s independence” and philosopher Takahashi Tetsuya’s call to relocate the U.S. military bases from Okinawa to mainland Japan. These symptomatic instances of the mutually transferential nationalisms in Okinawa and mainland Japan rely upon crudely culturalist assumptions about the self and the others and are thus surprisingly oblivious to how the very nation-forms have been instituted as part of imperial modernity. Their implicit figurations of the exemplary national subjects partake in the biopolitical assumptions as to whose lives must be “made to live” and “made to die” within and outside the border of the national. Ultimately, such nationalist discourses about Japan and Okinawa engage in a zero-sum exchange of imperial shame and colonial shame, a process that further stabilizes the co-operative placement of local nation-forms within the U.S.-led inter-state regime of warfare and biopolitics. But insofar as these discourses require the images of the nations that they seek to represent, their (re)production of what Naoki Sakai calls “a schema of co-figurative” nationalities needs to be critiqued through an exploration of a radical aesthetics and affect that pertain to image production.

The second part of the article presents my interpretation of artist Nema Satoko’s recent book of photography titled Paradigm, a work in which both bodies and objects explore their potential transformations in the midst of their precarious exposure to one another. I argue that Nema’s images of fragile bodies and objects in the present landscape of Okinawa are poised on the cusp between the past that invokes a sense of shame and this past’s potential future that necessitates an ethical posture of humility. In the vicinity of Adorno’s notion of “art’s shame,” Nema’s photographic images illuminate an amorphous realm of fragile beings, whose linkage and exposure to one another opens a space of viability that is obscured by the biopolitical imaginaries of nation-forms.     

Korean-Wave celebrities between global capital and regional nationalisms

This article examines conflicts over the transnationalization of South Korean celebrities in the wake of the Korean Wave (Hallyu) in the twenty-first century. I consider a number of celebrity controversies to argue that the demands placed upon Hallyu celebrities by domestic observers, foreign audiences, and global capital are fundamentally irreconcilable. South Korean nationalist appropriation of Hallyu, as well as the local celebrity culture, demand that Hallyu stars firstly be exemplary Korean patriots, whereas international audiences expect sympathy for their own causes. Local nationalist agendas have proven particularly troublesome because of postcolonial sensibilities and ongoing territorial disagreements between South Korea and its neighbors. Finally, as circulating commodities and commercial assets, Hallyu stars are also pledged to global capital. Their value is highest when they appeal to as broad an audience as possible and alienate no one with their politics. An apolitical neutrality on regionally controversial issues, however, is an untenable position when antagonistic geopolitical interests are concerned and nationalist passions flare. I situate this argument within critical scholarship on cultural globalization flows within Asia, while engaging celebrity studies to frame Hallyu stars as transnational commodities.     

E.E. Fournier d’Albe’s Fin de siècle: Science,Nationalism and Monistic Philosophy in Britain and Ireland

The fin de siècle witnessed radical shifts in the intellectual and cultural landscapes of the British Isles in the context of a general revolt against Victorian values. E. E. Fournier d’Albe – physicist, spiritualist, inventor and Pan-Celticist – personified the ability of intellectuals to latch onto and advance new trends, made available by the emergent intellectual pluralism. Like many contemporaries he rejected traditional religion, but he also disdained scientific materialism, and sought a deeper metaphysical meaning to life, pursued through his various interests. Influenced by the totalising theories of figures like Herbert Spencer and Ernst Haeckel, Fournier concocted his own brand of scientific monism, rejecting materialism, embracing spiritualism, and ever optimistic in the notion of scientific progress, even in the wake of the carnage of the Great War. The article aims to give Fournier a fuller historical treatment, allowing his story to add to understanding of the milieus in which he lived and operated, and revealing how his monistic philosophy incorporated some of the disparate cultural strands explored by intellectuals in the fin de siècle reaction against conventional Victorian ideals.     

A true original

Abstract

This study analyzes Japanese and Korean ethno-national (minzoku-kokumin) education in postwar Japan. During a period of political unrest in Japan (1945–1955), some of the Korean residents and Japanese worked together to overcome the culture of Imperial Japan and its assimilative education. They also regarded themselves as people colonized by the United States, and pursued a political-cultural movement for their liberation and independence from American imperialism. The Koreans in Japan rejected compulsory education in the Japanese language. As a result, since 1956, Korean schools (Chōsengakkō), funded and supported by North Korea, were founded all across Japan. Their ethno-national education was in fact incorporated into North Korean politics, and has been considered in many studies as having overcome Japanese assimilation and ethnic inequalities. Such a view was a result of many academic Zainichi Korean studies that come from an “insider's perspective” to criticize Japanese colonialism and discrimination. In order to go beyond this insider's view, I focus on the political alliance between Zainichi Koreans and the Japanese people in their pursuit of ethno-national education. Since 2010, the Japanese state funding for Korean schools has become a major controversy in Japan. By tracing the historical background, this article intends to explain why this political issue has arisen. The ultimate purpose of this article is to suggest an ethical perspective to resolve the current political conflict regarding Korean schools in Japan.     

全球化语境中的民族偶像建构——以姚明为样本

作为首位进入美国主流文化中的体育使者,姚明被媒体塑造成为中国的民族偶像。本文将姚明置于跨文化传播语境中,以中美传媒建构姚明形象的关键词为切入点,揭示其中存在的显著差异,剖析民族主义叙述语境中的姚明形象内涵,同时指出,“姚神话”的塑造受到以NBA为代表的西方消费主义意识形态的支配。     

中高职衔接的高职文科数学课程教学探讨

分析中高职衔接的高职文科数学课程教学的现状,根据中高职衔接的高职文科专业学生基础薄弱,对数学不感兴趣,没有良好的学习习惯的现实情况,提出教学改进策略.     

美国自由教育理念与职业体育价值观对中国竞技体育的启示

以美国为例，探讨了具有最高竞技水平国家竞技体育的培养理念与模式，以望对我国竞技体育的发展起到一定的借鉴作用。     

现代大学教育的困境与反思——基于施特劳斯自由教育思想的审视

受专业化、市场化和世俗化等各种现代经济、文化思潮的影响,现代大学教育遭遇着平庸化、功利化、低俗化的危机.大学失去了本该有的"高贵"气质和精神,忽略了对人的德性养成的关切,以培养专家和专业化技术人才为己任,有沦为职前培训机构之危险.施特劳斯的自由教育思想为我们分析和解决大学教育面临的这一问题提供了有益的视角,不失为一种积极的尝试.     

何谓“自由”教育——马克范多伦（Mark Van Doren）的人文教育理念简论

＂Liberal Education＂一词的意义在西方教育界早已有定论,一般较为人熟知的中文翻译是＂人文教育＂。美国上世纪30年代,大学教育弥漫＂实用＂之风,此时保守的学者有感当代教育重专业技能而轻人文课程的危机,乃重新诠释＂人文教育＂的内涵,并致力于人文课程的设计。这些学者中,上世纪40年代曾获得普利策诗人奖的美国哥伦比亚大学马克范多伦教授,结合诗人感性的笔触与自己投身教育的经验,写成著名的《人文教育》一书,他极力主张教育不只是改造社会的工具,更应进一步提供如何精炼人性的必要途径。他这种与当时宣称沿袭＂进步主义＂而号称自由派学者的对立思维,使他成为美国人文教育最有影响力的代言人之一,本文主要介绍他的教育理念,并阐述西方人文教育的本质与传统。