翻译与意象——对"To be or not to be"三个译本的认识

关于《哈姆雷特》“To be or not to be—that is a question”的翻译,颇具权威性的是卞之琳、王佐良、许渊冲三位名家的译本。通过对这三个译本的比较,可以看到翻译与意象之关系、意象在翻译中的作用以及不同的翻译之所以产生不同意象的缘由。     

复杂边界厚矩形板在静水压力作用下的弯曲

应用功的互等法（RTM）求解基于Reissner理论厚矩形板的弯曲问题,给出了对边简支另两边固定边界条件下厚矩形板在静水压力作用下弯曲的封闭解析解,并给出了该种情况下的曲线图.     

Machines as readers： A solution to the copyright problem

INTRODUCTION Everyone associated with digital libraries, and especially participants in the joint China-India-USA Million Book Project, assumes that it will be benefi- cial to mankind to digitize all the works ever pub- lished and make them available over the Internet, whether for fee or otherwise. However, it is difficult to find a clear printed agenda explaining how society will be enriched aside from the obvious advantages of preservation, indexing and efficient digital distribu- ti…     

Sensitivity to orthotactic rules in visual word recognition by below average readers

The study reports 2 lexical decision experiments on below average readers' sensitivity to Basic Orthographic Syllabic Structure (BOSS) of Taft in visual word recognition. In Experiment 1, 20 words and 20 pseudo words with BOSS and non-BOSS conditions (e.g., tractOR, tracTOR; BLUNDin, BLUNdin) were presented on a microcomputer screen to 75 grades 4, 5, and 6 poor readers divided into poor reading/spelling subgroups. ANOVA of the correct reaction time scores shows significant main effects for grade, reading/spelling subgroup and lexicality with both word and pseudo word BOSS condition being the most discriminating. Experiment 2 provides a stronger test for the BOSS parsing principle with 48 items of correctly affixed real words (e.g., reTURN), pseudo-affixed words (e.g., ENTer), and incorrectly affixed pseudo words (e.g., AVOIDer) presented on the microcomputer screen for lexical decision. The target subjects were 20 grade 6 and 22 grade 7 below average readers compared with 23 above average chronological age control readers in each of the same grades 6 and 7. ANOVA results of the correct RT scores show significant main effects for reding level and affixation condition with the correctly affixed BOSS condition being the most discriminating. Taken together, the 2 experiments suggest that children are sensitive to the BOSS parsing principle and this could be used in promoting word knowledge.     

Phonemic awareness in hyperlexic children

Children with hyperlexia who learn to read spontaneously before the age of five are impaired in reading and listening comprehension but have been found to have word recognition skills well above their measured cognitive and linguistic abilities. Even though many reports have been published about these children, to date, only one study has investigated whether children with hyperlexia also have strong phonemic awareness skill. In the present study, several phonemic awareness measures were administered to two children with hyperlexia and one child with above average word identification skills who started to read words at a very early age. The results show that all three childrens' levels of phonemic awareness were low and not commensurate with their word reading skill. Wide inter- and intra-individual variations were found on all of the phonemic awareness measures. These findings pose a number of questions for researchers investigating the condition of hyperlexia.     

3D analytical solution for a rotating transversely isotropic annular plate of functionally graded materials

The analytical solution for an annular plate rotating at a constant angular velocity is derived by means of direct displacement method from the elasticity equations for axisymmetric problems of functionally graded transversely isotropic media. The displacement components are assumed as a linear combination of certain explicit functions of the radial coordinate, with seven undetermined coefficients being functions of the axial coordinate z. Seven equations governing these z-dependent functions are derived and solved by a progressive integrating scheme. The present solution can be degenerated into the solution of a rotating isotropic functionally graded annular plate. The solution also can be degenerated into that for transversely isotropic or isotropic homogeneous materials. Finally, a special case is considered and the effect of the material gradient index on the elastic field is illustrated numerically.     

从外部管理走向内部规范--20世纪末美国教师证书制度的专业化方向

20世纪80年代以来,基础教育改革的新要求促使美国教师证书制度进一步提高专业化程度.改革主要表现在两个方面:一是从概念和体制上规范证书制度;二是加大专业团体参与标准制定与资格审查的力度,教师证书制度由外部管理走向内部规范,实现了非专业管理向专业规范的转化.     

碳含量对500 MPa级特厚钢板组织性能的影响

分别采用常规碳和低碳的成分设计开发出了屈服强度500 MPa级的特厚调质钢板,对比分析了其组织和性能的差异,结果表明:采用常规成分设计时,调质处理后获得回火索氏体,具有高的强韧性匹配,因此更适合高强度、大厚度产品的生产;采用低碳贝氏体的成分设计时,经较低温度回火能获得较高的低温韧性,但力学性能的热稳定性较差,因此更适用于较低强度级别的特厚板或薄规格的高强板的生产。     

Influence of graphite particle size and its shape on performance of carbon composite bipolar plate

INTRODUCTION The proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is a very promising power source for resi-dential and mobile applications due to its attractive features such as high power density,relatively low operating temperature,convenient fuel supply,long lifetime,etc.(Chalk et al.,2000;Lee and Mukergee,1998).Despite these advantages,commercialization of PEMFC is delayed mainly due to the high fabrica-tion cost.Bipolar plates,most commonly used among the PEMFC components,are the gra…     

纵横载荷联合作用下弯曲薄板的功的互等定理

本文将功的互等定理应用于形状、大小和材料均相同又处于真实状态的两个薄板系统之间，得出了纵横载荷联合作用下弯曲薄板的功的互等定理，并给出了简洁的数学表达式。该式既可以用于横向载荷作用下弯曲薄板问题的求解，又可以用于薄板稳定问题的求解。定理推导过程中没有对薄板的形状和边界条件加以限制，因而使该定理具有较广的适用范围。