The role of phonological memory,word recognition,and comprehension skills in reading development: from preschool to grade 2

We examined the relationships among phonologicalawareness, phonological memory, and development ofreading skills in a longitudinal study, by following222 Finnish preschoolers through the grade 2.The main focus was on the role of phonological memoryin word recognition and comprehension. The skillsassessed were verbal abilities, phonological memory,phonological awareness, word recognition, listeningand reading comprehension, altogether comprising themost extensive set of variables so far used in thestudy of phonological memory and reading. We proposeda structural equation model for the developmentalrelationships among the variables. This model waslargely confirmed by the data. The most significantpredictor of word recognition was phonologicalawareness. Phonological memory had only a weak effecton phonological awareness at preschool age, andvia this connection, a weak indirect effect on grade 1 word recognition. Contrary toexpectations, phonological memory also had asignificant, albeit weak effect on grade 2word recognition. Phonological memory did notdirectly affect reading comprehension. However,it was strongly related to listeningcomprehension at preschool, and via the strongeffects of both listening comprehension and wordrecognition on reading comprehension, there weresignificant indirect effects of phonological memory onreading comprehension. The results also underline thestability of development of phonological memory, wordrecognition, and comprehension from preschool to theend of grade 2.     

“还NP呢”与“到底是NP啊”句式在两种不同思维层面中的比较

本文主要讨论了“还NP呢”（S1）句式与“到底是NP啊”（S2）句式在两种不同思维层面中的同和异;在主观推测层面,S1与S2具有相同的固有推测义;在客观认知层面,S1与S2具有不同的语境认知义。这种不同思维层面的同和异,集中体现了S1与S2这两种不同句式既相互区别,又相互联系。     

谈驰名商标认定及保护范围

驰名商标是企业重要的无形资产。本文着重阐述了认定驰名商标的标准和对驰名商标保护范围。     

变摩尔溢流二元精馏的图解计算法

本阐述Ponchon—Savafit热图法应用于变摩尔溢流二元精馏过程的图解计算，给出了精馏段和提馏段求解理论板的计算式，公式简明且具有简单的几何意义，应用方便。     

波纹板表面凝结传热的数学模型与计算

基于波纹板表面与液膜之间的表面张力作用能减薄液膜厚度而强化传热的机理，建立了竖直波纹板表面的凝结过程的数学模型．计算了波纹板对应于当量平板的凝结传热增强系数．分析了波纹的主要几何参数如波纹节距、波纹板高度、波纹角、波纹倾斜角、波纹圆角半径等对强化传热的影响效应以指导波纹结构的优化．提出了一种能兼顾强化传热效果和适当的流动截面积的双尺度波纹，其凝结传热系数可比当量平板增强1～2倍．     

浅谈现代印刷技术发展

随着社会信息化的发展,现代印刷技术正在发生巨大变化。对数字化、网络化印刷技术的运用,计算机直接制版技术、传统印刷工艺、设备的发展以及各种新的特种印刷技术的产生和发展都产生了重要影响。     

卟啉的分子识别研究进展

卟啉化学是化学、医学、材料学和信息学等领域多学科交叉的研究热点，在生物无机化学、配位化学和主客体化学等领域都具有重要意义．近年来，卟啉化学在分子识别研究方面的发展极为迅速，已经成为当前卟啉化学研究的前沿课题．文章就卟啉及金属卟啉分子识别研究的应用前景进行了综述．     

排污权交易制度研究

控制污染的必要措施是逐步推行污染物排放总量控制和排污许可证制度,在遵循市场规律下,实现排污权交易制度。本文将从排污权交易的提出,我国污染现状,排污权交易制度的可行性等着手提出对排污权交易制度的设想。     

基于单类支持向量机的稳健语音端点检测

可靠的语音端点检测算法是稳健语音识别系统所必须的。针对现有算法在噪声环境下的稳健性问题,提出了基于单类SVM(Support Vecfor Machine)的端点检测算法。通过对多特征信息进行在线学习与综合,以及采用双层决策机制,有效提高了语音检测的稳健性。实验表明,算法在多种噪声环境和信噪比条件下有效,明显提高了语音识别系统在噪声环境下的识别率。     

关于信息处理用语言模型的研究

1　Introduction　Languagemodel (LM )iscommonlyusedin postprocessingalgorithmofrecognitionsystemtoimprovetherecognitionrate[1,2 ] .Duringpostprocessing ,lan guagemodelservesasaknowledgebasetoassisttherecognitionsystemtomakeabetterdecision .Toachievethisgoal,thelanguagemodelshouldcontainlinguisticinformationaboutalanguage .Accordingtotheircontent,languagemodelscanbecategorizedintotwoclasses ,syntacticallanguagemodelandstatisticallanguagemodel.Syntacticallanguagemodelusuallycontainssomesyntacti…