低氧运动对肥胖大鼠胰岛素抵抗及血脂代谢的影响

摘要：目的：探究低氧和运动对胰岛素抵抗以及血脂代谢的影响。方法：5周龄雄性SD大鼠46只,随机分为对照组和高脂组,进行8周高脂膳食喂养,通过空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素水平测定,葡萄糖耐量试验,判断建模是否成功;将建模成功大鼠进行4周的低氧运动干预,于末次干预后腹主动脉取血进行指标测定。结果：8周高脂膳食后高脂组大鼠较对照组体重增加（P<0.01）,FPG虽未见显著性变化,但FINS和HOMA-IR有明显升高（P<0.01）,ISI显著性减小（P<0.01）,葡萄糖耐量出现严重受损;4周低氧运动后大鼠体重下降（P<0.05）,糖耐量受损程度减轻,且胰岛素抵抗程度减轻,胰岛素敏感性增大;血清脂代谢指标 TG、TC 和 FFA均出现显著或极显著性低于常氧安静组（P<0.05,P<0.01）,而 HDL-C 则显著性高于常氧安静组（P<0.05）,低氧运动对LDL-C影响不大（P>0.05）。结论：低氧运动可有效改善肥胖诱导的胰岛素抵抗,这可能与血脂代谢的改善有关;低氧运动对胰岛素敏感性的改善较单纯低氧或常氧运动有更好的趋势。     

Erythrocytic adenosine deaminase in post myocardial infarction angina patients

A comparative study on the levels of erythrocyte adenosine deaminase and lipid peroxidation has been undertaken in post myocardial infarction angina patients along with age and sex matched healthy individuals serving as control. Present findings show that levels of adenosine deaminase is highly elevated in post myocardial infarction angina patients compared to healthy persons. Malondialdehyde levels are also significantly increased in post myocardial infarction angina patients. The study shows that adenosine deaminase has an important implication in ischemic myocardial syndrome.     

Seminal plasma levels of 15-F2α-isoprostane, malondialdehyde and total homocysteine in normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic males

It has been proposed that oxidative stress plays an important role in male infertility. The aims of this study were to compare seminal plasma levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total (sum of free and bound) homocysteine (tHcy) from normozoospermic vs. asthenozoospermic men, and to examine the relationships between tHcy and lipid peroxidation products. The study was a case-control study with a simple random sampling. The case group was consisted of 15 asthenozoospermic males. This group was compared with 15 normozoospermic men. Seminal plasma levels of 15-F2α-isoprostane and tHcy were measured using commercially available enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits. MDA levels were determined by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare two groups. Coefficients of correlation were calculated using Spearman’s correlation analysis. All hypothesis tests were two-tailed with statistical significance assessed at the p value <0.05 level. MDA levels were higher in asthenozoospermic subjects than in control subjects (0.72±0.06 μM vs. 0.40±0.06 μM; p<0.05). No differences were seen in 15-F2α-isoprostane levels in asthenozoospermic subjects and controls (65.00±3.20 pg/ml vs. 58.17±4.12 pg/ml; p>0.05). Interestingly, tHcy levels were to be slightly higher in asthenozoospermic subjects than in controls (6.18±1.17 μM vs. 4.8±0.52 μM). Sperm motility was inversely correlated with seminal plasma 15-F2α-isoprostane and MDA levels, respectively (p<0.05). In summary, seminal plasma levels of 15-F2α-isoprostane and tHcy showed no significant difference between normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic men. Sperm motility was not correlated with seminal plasma levels of tHcy. No relationship was found between tHcy and lipid peroxidation.     

Plant latent defense response to microbial non-pathogenic factors antagonizes compatibility

Unlike microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) that are readily targeted by host immunity, microbial non-pathogenic factors (NPFs) appear negligible as they do not elicit defense. Little is known about whether and how NPFs may be monitored by hosts to control compatibility. Herein, a forward genetic screening isolated an Arabidopsis mutant with a loss of plant-rhizobacteria mutualism, leading to the disclosure of a plant latent defense response (LDR) to NPFs. The activation of LDR in the mutant, named rol1 for regulator of LDR 1, is triggered by several non-pathogenic volatile organic compounds and antagonizes plant compatibility with the beneficial bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03. The activation of LDR in rol1 is mediated through the prokaryotic pathway of chloroplastic lipid biosynthesis. The rol1 root microbiome showed a reduced proportion of the Bacillaceae family. We propose that, parallel to the forefront immunity to MAMPs, LDR to certain NPFs provides a hidden layer of defense for controlling compatibility with commensal or beneficial microbes.     

12周步行锻炼对高血压患者血压及血脂的影响

目的:制定个性化的步行运动方式,探讨步行锻炼对血压及血脂代谢的影响,为科学制定高血压运动处方提供依据。方法：经严格筛选,最终有104人完成了整个干预过程。其中,男性27人,女性77人,平均年龄56.77+5.40岁,制定个性化的运动方案,采用步行锻炼的运动方式,观察步行锻炼前后血压和血脂变化情况。结果:1.经12周步行锻炼,受试者收缩压、舒张压、脉压差显著降低(P<0.001)。2.总体上总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-c）、TC/LDL-c具有下降趋势,但无显著性意义(P＞0.05);高密度脂蛋白（HDL-c）显著性上升(P＜0.05)。步行锻炼前血脂异常者,锻炼后LDL-c、TC/HDL-c显著性下降(P＜0.05);TC、TG、HDL-c趋向正常的比例增加。结论：（1）制定的运动处方可行。（2）12周步行锻炼后受试者血压下降显著,血脂代谢改善。     

Lipid peroxidation and the levels of antioxidant enzymes in coronary artery disease

Coronary Artery Disease is the major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Traditional risk factors account for only half of the morbidity and mortality from coronary artery disease. There is substantial evidence that oxidative stress plays the major role in the atherosclerotic process. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the level of lipid peroxidation (by measuring malondialdehyde) and antioxidant enzymes (ceruloplasmin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase) in coronary artery disease. Serum malondialdehyde levels and serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly raised in all the subgroups of study group as compared to control group (p<0.001). Whole blood glutathione levels and hemolysate superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased in all the subgroups of study group as compared to control group (p<0.001). Above results suggests that the patients of coronary artery disease show increased oxidative stress and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. So it is recommended that the management protocol for coronary artery disease patients should include antioxidant supplementation along with simultaneous lowering of lipid peroxidation.     

Lipoproteins and cholesterol homeostasis in paediatric nephrotic syndrome patients

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate lipoprotein particle distributions and the likelihood of achieving cholesterol homeostasis in the remission phase of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in paediatric patients. We hypothesized that lipoprotein particle distributions moved toward less atherogenic profile and that cholesterol homeostasis was achieved.Materials and methodsThirty-three children, 2 to 9 years old with NS were recruited. Blood sampling took place both in the acute phase and during remission. Serum low-density lipoprotein particles (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL) were separated using non-denaturing polyacrylamide gradient gel (3-31%) electrophoresis. Serum non-cholesterols sterols (NCSs), desmosterol, lathosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), campesterol and β-sitosterol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).ResultsAll patients had desirable serum HDL cholesterol concentrations during remission. The dominant lipoprotein diameters and LDL subclass distribution did not change significantly during follow-up. In contrast, HDL lipoprotein particle distribution shifted towards larger particles. The absolute concentration of desmosterol was significantly lower during remission (P = 0.023). β-sitosterol concentration markedly increased during remission (P = 0.005). Desmosterol/β-sitosterol (P < 0.001) and 7-DHC/β-sitosterol (P = 0.005) ratios significantly declined during disease remission.ConclusionsFavourable changes in the serum lipid profiles, HDL particle subclass distribution and cholesterol metabolism in paediatric patients with NS during remission took place. For the first time, we found that cholesterol homeostasis changed in favour of increased cholesterol absorption during disease remission. Nevertheless, complete cholesterol homeostasis was not achieved during disease remission.     

低氧条件下耐力运动对大鼠血脂代谢的影响

实验选取雄性SD健康大鼠40只,随机分为4组,即常氧安静组、常氧运动组、低氧安静组、低氧运动组。常氧运动组每天在常氧动物跑台上以25 m/min、60 min/d、6 d/w运动;低氧运动组每天在相当于海拔2 500 m低氧动物跑台上以20 m/min、60 min/d、6 d/w运动,其余时间在低氧环境下居住。实验4 w之后采样测试指标,低氧运动组与常氧运动组比较,血甘油三酯浓度、血浆总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降幅度和高密度脂蛋白上升幅度、血清脂蛋白脂肪酶和骨骼肌脂蛋白脂肪酶的活性提高都更明显,提示低氧运动改善血脂代谢状态比常氧运动更为有效,更有利于外周组织胆固醇的清除,对防治动脉粥样硬化也更为有效。     

大鼠急性递增负荷运动后神经内分泌相关指标的变化

采用Bedford跑台递增负荷运动模型对大鼠进行运动训练,观察该运动模型动物运动后不同时间的神经内分泌等指标的变化,结果提示:该运动模型动物在运动后,下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺皮质等多项神经内分泌指标以及体内抗脂质过氧化系统在运动后5h内仍未恢复到安静时水平。