Comparative analysis of RBC membrane lipids in thalassemia, and iron deficiency anemia in relation to hypochromia and oxidant injury

The effect of an intrinsic defect in the red cell and pronounced hypochromia on oxidative damage to RBC membrane lipids was compared in beta-thalassemia and iron deficiency anemia (IDA), which have a varied etiology but equivalent low hemogiobin content. The study was planned to correlate the etiology of the disorders to the severity of lipid imbalance and RBC hemolysis in membranes of both the conditions. Results indicated a fall of lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC), phosphatidylethanolamine(PE) and the unsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio in both conditions, while phosphatidylcholine(PC) increased only in thalassemia. However, irrespective of the disease, sphingomyelin(SM), total cholesterol and phospholipid levels elevated and the hydrogen peroxide stress test indicated increased susceptibility of both pathologic RBCs to peroxidation. Present findings indicate that IDA and thalassemla, allow for considerable amounts of oxidative damage to membrane lipids, irrespective of their etiologles, and thus point hypochromia as an important contributor for inducing lipid imbalance and RBC hemolysis.     

Hypothetical mode of action of earthworm extract with hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties

The hepatoprotective potential of earthworm extract (EE) (Lampito mauritii, Kinberg) was evaluated against paracetamol-induced liver injury in Wistar albino rat, in comparison with silymarin, the standard hepatoprotective drug. We observed a reduction in liver antioxidants, such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx),and catalase (CAT) and in serum total protein, and an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum aspertate aminotranferase (AST), serum alanine aminotranferase (ALT), bilirubin and liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) due to liver injury in the paracetamol-administered rats (2 g/kg). On the contrary, increased activities of liver GSH, SOD, GPx,CAT and serum total protein level, and decrease in the contents of serum ALP, AST, ALT, bilirubin and liver TBARS were observed in rats administered with different doses of EE (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg), which are similar to the activities of hepatoprotective drug silymarin (150 mg/kg). The mode of action of EE as evidenced by the above parameters may suggest that EE, on the one hand, prevents the formation of the reactive oxygen groups, or scavenges these groups, thereby preventing the damage on the hepatic cells, and, on the other hand, modulates the genes responsible for synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as GPx, CAT and SOD in liver tissue and decreases the serum enzymatic activities such as ALP, AST and ALT.     

运动员的运动能力和脂类、蛋白质的关系

随着现代科学技术的突飞猛进和体育事业的日益发展，营养在体育运动中的作用和地位越来越受到人们的关注，由于运动员在训练和比赛中消耗能量较多，只有给予及时补充，才能满足正常需要，因此，合理的营养补充对运动员来说，是提高运动成绩，增强体力快速恢复，以取得良好运动训练效果的物质保证；脂肪、蛋白质在运动训练时起着重要的供能作用，它是运动员保持最佳身体和竞技状态的物质基础，对运动成绩有直接的影响；根据多年训练实践，就运动员的运动能力与脂类、蛋白质的相互关系进行探讨，以便为运动员在训练和比赛后的快速恢复及保持竞技状态进行合理营养补充和膳食安排。     

有氧运动对大鼠血糖、血脂和血液凝固功能的影响

目的:研究有氧运动(游泳)对大鼠血糖、血脂和血液凝固功能的影响。方法:30只SD大鼠进行不同强度的游泳训练后,测定其血糖、血脂、血浆组织因子(TF)活性、组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)抗原、组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)和纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物-1(PAI-1)的活性。结果:1)与对照组相比,运动对大鼠血糖有降低趋势,但差异无统计学意义(p>0.05);2)小强度运动使大鼠血清LDL明显降低(p<0.05),大强度运动具有升高血清LDL的趋势;3)小运动组大鼠血清HDL浓度呈逐渐升高趋势,而大强度组的大鼠血清HDL明显降低(p<0.05);4)小强度游泳运动后,血浆t-PA活性及t-PA/PAI-1比值明显升高(p<0.01),PAI-1活性却明显降低(p<0.05);大强度游泳运动组t-PA活性没有明显改变,PAI-1活性有所升高;5)与对照组相比,运动训练使TFPI水平升高,其中小强度组TFPI含量(p<0.05)和TFPI/TF比值显著性升高(p<0.01),大强度组的TF含量有所升高,而TFPI/TF比值变化不明显(p>0.05)。结论:小强度的运动训练可以改善机体的凝血和纤溶功能,而大强度的训练不利...     

力竭游泳对大鼠肠组织MDA、游离巯基和ATP含量的影响

探讨力竭性运动引起的氧化应激对肠功能的影响及运动性肠功能紊乱的原因,32只SD雄性大鼠随机分为4组:即对照组(C);运动后即刻组EX;运动后30 min组(EX30);运动后60 min组(EX60),测定力竭性游泳后不同时相,肠组织匀浆MDA、游离巯基(Free-SH)和ATP含量。结果显示,运动后肠组织MDA含量在运动后30 min,60 min显著性增加(P0.01);运动后Free-SH含量在运动后30min(P0.05)和运动后60 min后(P0.01)显著下降;运动后30 min组ATP含量显著下降(P0.01)。结果提示,运动源性自由基产生增加,使得肠组织中游离巯基被氧化,导致ATP含量下降,可能是造成运动性肠功能紊乱的重要因素之一。     

RBC membrane composition in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in context of oxidative stress

Glyco-oxidation is considered as a source of permanent, cumulative, oxidative damage to long lived proteins in ageing and in diabetes. Although RBC depends solely on glucose for energy purpose, hyperglycemic state glycosylates hemoglobin, creates oxidative stress and puts the cellular components at risk. In view of this, RBC membrane composition was analyzed in diabetic patients. The results were compared with healthy age and sex matched control groups. When RBC membrane components such as protein, sialic acid, phospholipids and cholesterol were determined in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, a significant rise in phospholipids and cholesterol and significant fall in sialic acid and protein content was noted. RBC membrane composition showed pronounced alterations in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. These changes were accompanied by higher levels of lipid peroxidation products like Malondialdehyde.     

太极剑锻炼对动脉粥样硬化患者NO及血脂的影响

通过对动脉粥样硬化患者太极剑锻炼前后一氧化氮(NO)及血脂各项指标的测试,探讨太极剑锻炼对动脉粥样硬化老年患者的影响。结果显示,经过一年半的太极剑锻炼,可以明显改善动脉粥样硬化患者的血脂;提高患者体内一氧化氮(NO)的含量。研究表明,太极剑锻炼延缓动脉粥样硬化病变的形成,对于动脉粥样硬化的预防和治疗具有积极意义。     

习练太极拳对中老年人血脂的影响

随着人们生活水平的提高和生活方式的改变,动脉粥样硬化、冠心病等心脑血管疾病的发病率逐年升高。这些疾病的病因复杂,但都与脂质代谢异常有一定关系。尤其是中老年人心血管机能随年龄的增加而衰退,使血脂代谢紊乱与年轻人相比呈增高趋势。大量的研究发现,长期有规律的运动能有效地改善不良的脂质结构,太极拳作为一种中低强度的有氧运动,可以降低血浆TC、TG、LDL水平,提高HDL水平,积极改善中老年人脂代谢异常。     

Lipid peroxides,vitamin E levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum of respiratory disease patients

The concentration of serum lipid peroxides, tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity was measured in 75 patients (43 males and 32 females) of different respiratory diseases aged 15–40 years. The results were compared with the values obtained from 100 healthy persons of comparabie age. The patients of respiratory diseases showed elevated levels of lipid peroxides with concomitant reduction of tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase activity. When these patients were categorised into different groups depending on the type of the disease like pulmonary tuberculosis (PT), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PT and COPD) and suppurative lung disease (SLD). There was no significant difference between the groups. A significant inverse relation was found between lipid peroxides versus tocopherol and glutathione peroxidase activity in patients of respiratory diseases. The results suggest the involvement of lipid peroxidation process in pulmonary damage.     

白芍总甙对大鼠酒精性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

目的：探讨白芍总甙对实验性大鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制。方法：SD大鼠随机分为3组：模型组（M组）、生理盐水对照组（N组）、白芍总甙处理组（B组）,每组10只。M组大鼠予56°白酒连续灌胃4周制造酒精性肝损伤模型;B组在白酒灌胃基础上给予白芍总甙0．4mg／100g体重灌胃;N组予生理盐水灌胃。第4周末处死大鼠后检测血清ALT、AST、γ-GT、SOD、MDA水平,光镜下观察肝组织细胞形态学改变,用免疫组化方法测定肝细胞核中NF-κB的表达。结果：模型组大鼠血清ALT、AST、γ-GT、MDA水平明显升高;白芍总甙处理组大鼠血清ALT、AST、γ-GT、MDA轻度升高,但明显低于模型组,与生理盐水对照组相比无显著性差异。模型组大鼠血清SOD水平明显降低,白芍总甙处理组与生理盐水对照组血清SOD水平明显高于模型组。模型组肝细胞脂肪变性、坏死、炎性细胞浸润等改变均较白芍总甙处理组及对照组明显。白芍总甙处理组NF-κB的表达低于模型组。结论：白芍能改善肝功能,对实验性大鼠酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与降低脂质过氧化水平,提高抗氧化酶活性,抑制NF-κB的活化有关。