高校合作参与机制的博弈分析

从博弈论角度分析了高校合作博弈的动态性,揭示了高校合作群体逐步壮大的原因;并从四种博弈类型入手,重点用海萨尼变换对高校合作的参与策略进行博弈分析,解释了高校合作参与机制中的收益问题。     

Ethics and technology design

This article offers a discussion of the connection between technology and values and, specifically, I take a closer look at ethically sound design. In order to bring the discussion into a concrete context, the theory of Value Sensitive Design (VSD) will be the focus point. To illustrate my argument concerning design ethics, the discussion involves a case study of an augmented window, designed by the VSD Research Lab, which has turned out to be a potentially surveillance-enabling technology. I call attention to a “positivist problem” that has to do with the connection between the design context and the use context, which VSD seems to presuppose, and I argue that it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the two, since the designers’ intentions do not always correspond with the users’ practice; in fact, the relation between design and use is very complex and principally unpredictable. Thus, a design theory must accept that foresight is limited to anticipation rather than prediction. To overcome the positivist problem, I suggest a phenomenological approach to technology inspired by Don Ihde’s concept of multistability. This argument, which is general in nature and thus applies to any theory of design ethics, is intended as a constructive criticism, which can hopefully contribute to the further development of design ethics.     

Scientific Phenomenology in Design Pedagogy: The Legacy of Walter Gropius and Gestalt Psychology

This article examines the contribution of scientific phenomenology in design pedagogy through the theoretical relationships between the German art school Staatliches Bauhaus and the most important scientific phenomenological theories of the first half of the twentieth century. After showing the relationships between the Gestalt Theory and the principal teachers of the Bauhaus (Johannes Itten, Paul Klee, Wassily Kandinsky, László Moholy‐Nagy, Josef Albers), the pedagogical epistemology of Walter Gropius is critically presented. The epoché, the intersubjective criterion and the anti‐psychologism are examined. In conclusion, it is evidenced that Gropius was strongly influenced by Gestalt psychology. This undeclared influence was a necessary consequence of the fact that phenomenological attitude is a crucial operating modality for the concrete practice of design.     

基于设计型学习的机器人竞赛教学设计与实践——以2019年FLL工程挑战赛“太空之旅”为例

设计型学习强调通过分析、设计、开发和实施的反复循环来改进教育实践,其理念与机器人竞赛的备赛过程一致,因此,可采用DBL的理念开展机器人竞赛的教学过程。本文主要针对机器人竞赛的课堂教学设计,在深入了解众多中小学机器人教学方式的基础上,查阅了国内外相关文献,并结合笔者连续两年深入中小学指导学生参加FLL工程挑战赛的实践经验,不断改进教学策略,以期为一线教师机器人竞赛教学的开展提供参考。     

源岩内岩性油气藏形成的模拟实验及机理分析

通过模拟实验，再现了源岩内岩性油气藏的形成过程，对油气运移的受力状态进行分析，探讨了油气聚集成藏的机理，实例说明，源岩内的砂体一般都含油气，这为寻找岩性油气藏创造了条件。     

教学目标设计理论及模式功能

介绍了教学目标系统设计理论的流派,通过比较具有代表性的两种分类理论,阐述了目标系统设计的结构及模式功能。     

谈化学教学中问题的设计与创造性思维能力的培养

素质教育呼唤培养有创造力的学生，培养创造性思维的主阵地在课堂,合理有效的课堂教学问题设计对学生的创造性思维能力培养至关重要。     

有效法人治理结构需要解决的两个问题

在国有企业中建立有效法人治理结构，必须明确国有资产所有代表，建立有效的制衡机制。     

The differential effects of prior knowledge on learning: A study of two consecutive courses in earth sciences

We studied the occurrence and nature of learningin a university first year Introduction toGeomorphology course, and its relations with priorknowledge taught in a prerequisite course, and withthe prior knowledge in the to be learned subjects. Tendimensions of knowledge were tapped before and afterthe course by conventional and cognitive structuremeasures that were derived by the concept mappingmethodology. The fine-grain analysis of learningoutcomes yielded the following results: (a) studentsacquired only a small portion of the content in thecourse Introduction to Geomorphology, (b) the priorgeological and geomorphological knowledge did notaffect the learning of the new geomorphologicalcontents, (c) the minor effects appeared within ratherthan across knowledge dimensions, and they affectedmainly the learning of smaller knowledge units, and(d) concept definition cannot be considereda valid probe of knowledge. The differential effects of prior knowledge question thecentral, global and undifferentiated role that schematheories ascribe to prior knowledge in futurelearning. They call for greater reference to theexposed dimensions of knowledge by suggestingadditional factors to be considered in the sequencingof courses, as well as to the acquisition of complexknowledge with partial meaning of the basic knowledgeunits, and the use of new cognitive structure probesof knowledge.     

A theory of instruction for introductory programming skills

ABSTRACT

Background and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming.

Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming knowledge), and writing code with templates. We theorized that explicit instruction of these skills decreases cognitive demand.

Method: We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods study and compared students’ exercise completion rates, error rates, ability to explain code, and engagement when learning to program. We compared material that reflects this theory to more traditional material that does not distinguish between skills.

Findings: Teaching skills incrementally resulted in improved completion rate on practice exercises, and decreased error rate and improved understanding of the post-test.

Implications: By structuring programming skills such that they can be taught explicitly and incrementally, we can inform instructional design and improve future research on understanding how novice programmers develop understanding.