现阶段地方医学院校留学生招生工作现状分析及对策

随着我国国际化办学水平的快速提高,来华的医学留学生规模日益扩大.抓好留学生的招生工作,保障留学生的生源质量,成为地方高校面临的首要问题.基于此,对目前医学留学生招生现状进行深层次的分析,并提出解决的对策,以期进一步提高医学留学生的教育质量.     

Student injuries in the dissecting room

Cadaver dissection is the first opportunity for many students to practice handling human tissue and is their first exposure to the occupational hazards involved with this task. Few studies examine dissection room injuries to ascertain the dangers associated with dissecting. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of dissection room injuries from four student cohorts over an eleven‐year period (2001–2011), including second‐year medical students, third‐year medical students, second‐year dental students, and third‐year science students. Injury data included activity causing injury, object responsible, and injury site. A total of 163 injuries during 70,039 hours of dissection were recorded, with 66 in third‐year medical students, 42 in second‐year medical students, 36 in third‐year science students, and 16 in second‐year dental students. The overall rate was 2.87 injuries per 1,000 dissection hours, with second‐year medical students most frequently injured (5.5 injuries per 1,000 hours); third‐year medical students were least frequently injured (1.3 injuries per 1,000 hours). A significant difference in injury rates between student groups indicated a higher than expected injury rate to second‐year medical students and lower than expected rates to third‐year medical students. Injury rates increased for most groups between 2001–2006 and 2007–2011 periods. Most injuries (79%) were from scalpel cuts to the finger or thumb. This study provides injury rates for dissection room injuries to students, indicating differences in injury frequency between cohorts and an increase in injury rate over time. As scalpel cuts were the most likely injury mechanism, targeting scalpel handling with preventative strategies may reduce future injury risk. Anat Sci Educ 6: 404–409. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Comparison of 3D reconstructive technologies used for morphometric research and the translation of knowledge using a decision matrix

The use of three‐dimensional (3D) models for education, pre‐operative assessment, presurgical planning, and measurement have become more prevalent. With the increase in prevalence of 3D models there has also been an increase in 3D reconstructive software programs that are used to create these models. These software programs differ in reconstruction concepts, operating system requirements, user features, cost, and no one program has emerged as the standard. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic comparison of three widely available 3D reconstructive software programs, Amira^®, OsiriX, and Mimics^®, with respect to the software's ability to be used in two broad themes: morphometric research and education to translate morphological knowledge. Cost, system requirements, and inherent features of each program were compared. A novel concept selection tool, a decision matrix, was used to objectify comparisons of usability of the interface, quality of the output, and efficiency of the tools. Findings indicate that Mimics was the best‐suited program for construction of 3D anatomical models and morphometric analysis, but for creating a learning tool the results were less clear. OsiriX was very user‐friendly; however, it had limited capabilities. Conversely, although Amira had endless potential and could create complex dynamic videos, it had a challenging interface. These results provide a resource for morphometric researchers and educators to assist the selection of appropriate reconstruction programs when starting a new 3D modeling project. Anat Sci Educ 6: 393–403. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

医学院校生物技术专业发酵工程课程改革与实践

针对医学院校生物技术专业特点,结合我校生物技术专业特色,对发酵工程课程进行了教学内容和教学方法等方面的改革和实践,即优化了教学体系、对教学内容进行重组、教学方式采取多样化手段、改革实验教学方法和内容、改革和完善课程考核制度。     

汉语言文字学与中医学基础的辩证关系研究

中医学基础文本以汉字为载体,在高职语文教育教学范畴内,对汉语言文字学与中医学基础的辨证关系进行研究。一方面,汉语言文字学的运用可以加深医学专业的学生对中医学基础的理解;反之,对中医学术语的解释又丰富了语文课堂。对汉语言文字学与中医学辩证关系的研究,是中医学视域下高职语文教学内容研究的重要部分。     

大理学院临床医学类学生就业指导课教学反思

临床医学类大学毕业生就业去向相对固定集中,其就业指导具有特殊性。医学生的就业教育与专业教育密不可分,具有较强的个性化特征,由于职业准入条件限制和行业特点,毕业生自主创业较难。大理学院的医学教育是综合院校中的医学教育,其职业生涯规划及就业指导也有其特殊性。对其教学内容、教学管理、师资队伍建设、教材教法等方面存在的问题进行反思和探析,推行“全程化”的教学模式,对于促进临床医学类学生成功就业、提高就业质量具有重要意义。     

民族医疗中的“神药两解”现象解析——以粤北一个“排瑶”村庄为例

梳理民族医学与文化体系、生态环境的关系,分析医学人类学的研究路径。“神药两解”现象在今日村庄中依然盛行,村民在遭遇疾病时仍会选择仪式治疗与药物治疗相结合的方式。从当地社会的文化体系与社会关系入手,结合其自然环境与生态环境理解村民的“生病”与“治病”过程,认识特定社会的疾病观念、疾病分类与治疗逻辑。     

A prospective,randomized crossover study comparing direct inspection by light microscopy versus projected images for teaching of hematopathology to medical students

Instruction in hematopathology at Mayo Medical School has evolved from instructor‐guided direct inspection under the light microscope (laboratory method), to photomicrographs of glass slides with classroom projection (projection method). These methods have not been compared directly to date. Forty‐one second‐year medical students participated in this pilot study, a prospective, randomized, crossover study measuring educational performance during a hematology pathophysiology course. The students were randomized to one of two groups. All students received the same didactic lectures in the classroom and subsequent case‐based review of peripheral blood smears using either laboratory or projection methods, on day one with a crossover to the other method on day two. Pre‐ and post‐test examinations centered on morphology recognition measured educational performance on each day, followed by a questionnaire identifying the student's favored method. There was no significant difference in the pre‐test and post‐test scores between the two teaching methods (rank‐sum P = 0.43). Students overwhelmingly preferred the projection method and perceived it as superior (76%), although post‐test scores were not significantly different. Student's recommended method was split with 50% favoring the projection method, 43% favoring a combined approach, and 23% noting logistical challenges to the laboratory. In this study, the laboratory and projection method were equivalent in terms of educational performance for hematopathology among medicals students. A classroom‐based approach such as the projection method is favored, given the large class sizes in undergraduate medical education, as well as the ergonomic challenges and additional resources required for large group instruction in a laboratory setting. Anat Sci Educ 7: 130–134. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

A retrospective look at replacing face‐to‐face embryology instruction with online lectures in a human anatomy course

Embryology is integrated into the Clinically Oriented Anatomy course at the Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Medicine. Before 2008, the same instructor presented embryology in 13 face‐to‐face lectures distributed by organ systems throughout the course. For the 2008 and 2009 offerings of the course, a hybrid embryology instruction model with four face‐to‐face classes that supplemented online recorded lectures was used. One instructor delivered the lectures face‐to‐face in 2007 and by online videos in 2008–2009, while a second instructor provided the supplemental face‐to‐face classes in 2008–2009. The same embryology learning objectives and selected examination questions were used for each of the three years. This allowed direct comparison of learning outcomes, as measured by examination performance, for students receiving only face‐to‐face embryology instruction versus the hybrid approach. Comparison of the face‐to‐face lectures to the hybrid approach showed no difference in overall class performance on embryology questions that were used all three years. Moreover, there was no differential effect of the delivery method on the examination scores for bottom quartile students. Students completed an end‐of‐course survey to assess their opinions. They rated the two forms of delivery similarly on a six‐point Likert scale and reported that face‐to‐face lectures have the advantage of allowing them to interact with the instructor, whereas online lectures could be paused, replayed, and viewed at any time. These experiences suggest the need for well‐designed prospective studies to determine whether online lectures can be used to enhance the efficacy of embryology instruction. Anat Sci Educ 7: 234–241. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

城镇职工医疗保险统筹住院次均费用增长分析和对策

次均费用反映了当今社会普遍关注的看病贵难题,体现医疗保险制度效率。次均费用受多种因素影响,经济、人口结构和质量、医药卫生体制和新诊疗技术的使用是主要影响因素。增加过度治疗的机会成本,当边际成本超过边际收益时定点机构才会加强自律,规范治疗。引导就医流向可以降低来自参保人行为导致的费用增长。医保管理者在控制次均费用增长问题上责任重大,并大有作为。实行按病种支付、对三级医院重点检查、增加平均住院日指标、规定大型设备阳性检查率、充分利用信息平台加强管理等有利于控制次均费用不合理增长。